which areas of northern ireland are catholic?

The sport is governed locally by the Northern Ireland Billiards and Snooker Association who run regular ranking tournaments and competitions. The make-up of the Northern Ireland Assembly reflects the appeals of the various parties within the population. And they dont identify with Protestant unionists, nor with Catholic nationalists. The Irish Times, May 2008. King George V addressed the ceremonial opening of the Northern parliament on 22 June. Northern Ireland is composed of 26 districts, derived from the boroughs of Belfast and Londonderry and the counties of Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry, and Tyrone. In the border counties (Donegal, Leitrim, Cavan, Monaghan and Louth), there were instances of Protestants being intimidated by more extreme neighbours and groups, most notably the IRA. Variable:BRITISH. It would divide Ireland into two self-governing UK territories: the six northeastern counties (Northern Ireland) being ruled from Belfast, and the other twenty-six counties ( Southern Ireland) being ruled from Dublin. Unionist protest has surged due to fear that Brexit will strand Northern Ireland on the other side of a customs border in the Irish Sea, Weaver says. Since 1987 public houses have been allowed to open on Sundays, despite some opposition. Its now threatening to rise up to recommission weapons, to launch its own sort of campaign of retaliatory violence. [2] In the Belfast City Council and Derry and Strabane District Council areas, the figures at ward level vary from 99% Protestant to 92% Catholic. The Anglo-Irish Treaty that ended the War of Independence then created the Irish Free State in the south, giving it dominion status within the British Empire. The foremost hero of the cycle is Conchobar's nephew Cchulainn, who features in the epic prose/poem An Tin B Cailnge (The Cattle Raid of Cooley, a casus belli between Ulster and Connaught). [197], The United Kingdom national anthem of "God Save the King" is often played at state events in Northern Ireland. But then Brexit happened. [142] Hotels and other accommodations, for example, "closed apart from only for work-related stays". [215], Geraldine Heaney, an Olympic gold medalist and one of the first women inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame, competed internationally for Canada but was born in Northern Ireland. The city's fire brigade was inadequate, and as the Northern Ireland government had been reluctant to spend money on air raid shelters, it only started to build them after the Blitz in London during the autumn of 1940. [223] According to the Audit Bureau of Circulations (UK) the average daily circulation for these three titles in 2018 was: Northern Ireland uses the same telecommunications and postal services as the rest of the United Kingdom at standard domestic rates and there are no mobile roaming charges between Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The initial growth came from the "peace dividend" and increased trade with the Republic of Ireland, continuing with a significant increase in tourism, investment, and business from around the world. Wikipedia policy is to use Londonderry for the county and Derry for the city. This reiterated the long-held British position, which had never before been fully acknowledged by successive Irish governments, that Northern Ireland will remain within the United Kingdom until a majority of voters in Northern Ireland decides otherwise. The Irish Free State went its own way and in 1949 became the Republic of Ireland. Patsy McGarry, Orthodox Christians of all shades now have a significant presence in Ireland. Both would have a shared Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, who would appoint both governments and a Council of Ireland, which the UK government intended to evolve into an all-Ireland parliament. The weather is unpredictable at all times of the year, and although the seasons are distinct, they are considerably less pronounced than in interior Europe or the eastern seaboard of North America. religion or religion brought up in), at the 2021 census 45.7% of the population came from a Catholic background, 43.5% from a Protestant background, 1.5% from other religious backgrounds, and 5.6% from non-religious backgrounds. The whole conflict that led to partition reduces fundamentally to the failure of the Reformation in Ireland and the fact that it threw up a confessional divide between the British generally: between the English, the Welsh, the Scotsand the Irish, who remained largely Catholic. Northern Ireland has a long tradition of religious and political conflicts between its Catholic and Protestant communities. "[195][196], The Irish Rugby Football Union and the Church of Ireland have used the Saint Patrick's Saltire or "Cross of StPatrick". This red saltire on a white field was used to represent Ireland in the flag of the United Kingdom. The state security forces the British Army and the police (the Royal Ulster Constabulary) were also involved in the violence. As was intended by unionists and their supporters in Westminster, Northern Ireland had a unionist majority, who wanted to remain in the United Kingdom;[18] they were generally the Protestant descendants of colonists from Britain. It sought to ensure Home Rule was implemented, and it smuggled its own weapons into Ireland a few months after the Ulster Volunteers. Further Protestant victories in the Williamite-Jacobite War (168891) solidified Anglican Protestant rule in the Kingdom of Ireland. The Golfing Union of Ireland, the governing body for men's and boy's amateur golf throughout Ireland and the oldest golfing union in the world, was founded in Belfast in 1891. It first met on 7 June and formed its first devolved government, headed by Ulster Unionist Party leader James Craig. Of the province's 50 worst areas in terms of educational deprivation, 37 are in Belfast, with Neet rates running at between 10% and 17% of late teens in some parts of the city. Northern Ireland is a common law jurisdiction and its common law is similar to that in England and Wales. 1824, completed 1846. [172] The dialect of English spoken in Northern Ireland shows influence from the lowland Scots language. Irish nationalist members refused to attend. The Belfast Giants have competed in the Elite Ice Hockey League since the 200001 season and are the sole Northern Irish team in the league. As Counties Londonderry, Antrim, and Down are the only three counties of Northern Ireland with a shoreline this will apply to all of Northern Ireland. The Bogsiders saw the Apprentice Boys parade as a direct provocation and prepared for a violent confrontation, barricading streets and readying Molotov cocktails. The only preserved line of this gauge on the island is the Downpatrick and County Down Railway, which operates heritage steam and diesel locomotives. Catholics - Northern Ireland - Ward Map showing distribution of Catholic population in Northern Ireland, at ward level (2001)..pdf 513kb.jpg 170kb.jpg 2572kb: . In the early 20th century, the Ulster Volunteer Force - a militia dedicated to blocking Home Rule for Ireland - met on the Shankill. The first British troops arrived on the 15th August. ", in, "Anglo-Irish Relations, 193941: A Study in Multilateral Diplomacy and Military Restraint" in, Boyd Black, "A Triumph of Voluntarism? [41], Unionists were in a minority in Ireland as a whole, but a majority in the province of Ulster, especially the counties Antrim, Down, Armagh and Londonderry. [23] For the next fifty years, Northern Ireland had an unbroken series of Unionist Party governments. In all, 90 per cent of children in Northern Ireland still go to separate faith schools. As a consequence of the worsening security situation, the autonomous regional government for Northern Ireland was suspended in 1972. The Gaelic Athletic Association still uses the counties as its primary means of organisation and fields representative teams of each GAA county. There has been a real move toward liberalization and secularization to align the Irish Republic with the rest of Europe, so they are no longer a kind of quasi-theocratic outlier, but instead a place that looks more like the rest of Europe, along with economic progress. [228] Calls from landlines in Northern Ireland to numbers in the Republic of Ireland are charged at the same rate as those to numbers in Great Britain, while landline numbers in Northern Ireland can similarly be called from the Republic of Ireland at domestic rates, using the 048 prefix.[229]. Some 250,000 Ulster Presbyterians emigrated to the British North American colonies between 1717 and 1775. [189] The biggest parades are held on 12 July (The Twelfth). While Northern Ireland had a clear Protestant majority when it was established, it also had a substantial Catholic minoritylarger than many students realize, says Weaver. Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency, reform of local government in Northern Ireland, List of districts in Northern Ireland by population, List of districts in Northern Ireland by area, List of districts in Northern Ireland by national identity, "Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Information Service", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_districts_in_Northern_Ireland_by_religion_or_religion_brought_up_in&oldid=1116199491, This page was last edited on 15 October 2022, at 10:07. [100][101] The website of the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency also refers to Northern Ireland as being a province[102] as does the website of the Office of Public Sector Information[103] and other agencies within Northern Ireland. In March 2018, The Sunday Times published its list of Best Places to Live in Britain, including the following places in Northern Ireland: Ballyhackamore near Belfast (overall best for Northern Ireland), Holywood, County Down, Newcastle, County Down, Portrush, County Antrim, Strangford, County Down.[140]. All Rights Reserved. The IRA carried out attacks on British forces in the north-east but was less active than in the rest of Ireland. Apart from the public sector, another important service sector is tourism, which rose to account for over 1% of the economy's revenue in 2004. [63] However, the commission's final report recommended only small transfers of territory, and in both directions. More importantly, from the 1980s onward, we see a liberalization in the Irish Republic, with a lessening hold of the Catholic Church on Irish culture, education, and the state. Each summer, during the "marching season", these groups have hundreds of parades, deck streets with British flags, bunting and specially-made arches, and light large towering bonfires in the "Eleventh Night" celebrations. The main universities in Northern Ireland are Queen's University Belfast and Ulster University, and the distance learning Open University which has a regional office in Belfast. [151], In recent censuses, respondents gave their religious identity or religious upbringing as follows:[153][154][150], In Northern Ireland censuses, respondents can choose more than one national identity. While the majority of disenfranchised electors were Protestant, Catholics were over-represented since they were poorer and had more adults still living in the family home.[79]. the 1921 Irish elections were held on 24 May, in which unionists won most seats in the Northern Ireland parliament. The Irish Rebellion of 1641 began in Ulster. There was a major munitions strike in 1944.[73]. [42] Unionists argued that if Home Rule could not be stopped then all or part of Ulster should be excluded from it. Northern Ireland is a distinct legal jurisdiction, separate from the two other jurisdictions in the United Kingdom (England and Wales, and Scotland). [18] Most Protestants were unionists/loyalists who sought to maintain Northern Ireland as a part of the United Kingdom, while most Catholics were Irish nationalists/republicans who sought an independent United Ireland. [217], In 2007, after the closure of UCW (Ulster Championship Wrestling) which was a wrestling promotion, PWU formed, standing for Pro Wrestling Ulster. [204][205] Northern Ireland has also contributed several players to the Great Britain and Ireland Walker Cup team, including Alan Dunbar and Paul Cutler who played on the victorious 2011 team in Scotland. At the same time, even though the north of Ireland was majority Protestant, they too had come to think of themselves as Irish. Compared to a similar survey in 1998, this shows a fall in the percentage of Protestants identifying as British and Ulster and a rise in those identifying as Northern Irish. [147] In 2011, 88.8% of the population were born in Northern Ireland, 4.5% in Great Britain, and 2.9% in the Republic of Ireland. [96], For the most part, Protestants feel a strong connection with Great Britain and wish for Northern Ireland to remain part of the United Kingdom. [24] There was informal mutual segregation by both communities,[25] and the Unionist governments were accused of discrimination against the Irish nationalist and Catholic minority. In international competitions, the Ireland national rugby union team's recent successes include four Triple Crowns between 2004 and 2009 and Grand Slams in 2009, 2018, and 2023 in the Six Nations Championship. Northern Ireland (Irish: Tuaisceart ireann [tuct en] (listen);[10] Ulster-Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom, situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, that is variously described as a province or region. Protestant). Irish nationalists had also formed a paramilitary organisation, the Irish Volunteers. [152] At the 2011 census, 48% came from a Protestant background, 45% from a Catholic background, 0.9% from other religious backgrounds, and 5.6% from non-religious backgrounds. Northern Ireland was covered by an ice sheet for most of the last ice age and on numerous previous occasions, the legacy of which can be seen in the extensive coverage of drumlins in Counties Fermanagh, Armagh, Antrim and particularly Down. The rebels wanted an end to anti-Catholic discrimination, greater Irish self-governance, and to roll back the Plantation. [17], in Europe(green &dark grey)in the United Kingdom(green), Northern Ireland was created in May 1921, when Ireland was partitioned by the Government of Ireland Act 1920, creating a devolved government for the six northeastern counties. [75], The Troubles, which started in the late 1960s, consisted of about 30 years of recurring acts of intense violence during which 3,254 people were killed[76] with over 50,000 casualties. Since 1972, it has had no official status. Together they are commonly called Ulster, though the territory does not include the entire ancient province of Ulster. Of course, theyre all Irish, but they just have fundamentally different conceptions of what that means, says Weaver. Both governments exclude some people born in Northern Ireland, in particular persons born without one parent who is a British or Irish citizen. [166], Neither government, however, extends its citizenship to all persons born in Northern Ireland. In the final raid, Luftwaffe bombs inflicted extensive damage to the docks and the Harland and Wolff shipyard, closing it for six months. They were met with violent resistance by the Bogsiders, who hurled rocks and Molotov cocktails. In December 1921, the British reconciled themselves to the nationalists demands and created an Irish Free State in the 26 counties of the south. "[183], Along with the Irish language, the Good Friday Agreement recognised the dialect as part of Northern Ireland's unique culture and the St Andrews Agreement recognised the need to "enhance and develop the Ulster Scots language, heritage and culture". [167], In recent censuses, residents said they held the following passports:[154][168], Irish is an official language of Northern Ireland as of 6 December 2022 when the Irish Language Act (Identity and Language (Northern Ireland) Act 2022) became law. The Lower and Upper River Bann, River Foyle and River Blackwater form extensive fertile lowlands, with excellent arable land also found in North and East Down, although much of the hill country is marginal and suitable largely for animal husbandry. [122] The New York Times has also used "the North".[123]. And the other near Belfast City Centre by (catholic) career criminals and scumbags who now can seemingly batter and kill on a whim. When protestors didnt disperse, the troops opened fire with rubber bullets and then live rounds. Summary. (Photo by Charles McQuillan/Getty Images). Rioters throwing rocks and stones as trouble flared following the Apprentice Boys parade through the streets on Derry, Northern Ireland, August 13, 1969. One of the men's side's regular international venues is Stormont in Belfast. What was intended as a temporary solution in the face of unrest, violence, and rebellion is still in effect a century later, as Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. This led to the founding of the Protestant Orange Order. [39] In 1914, unionists smuggled thousands of rifles and rounds of ammunition from Imperial Germany for use by the Ulster Volunteers (UVF), a paramilitary organisation formed to oppose Home Rule. Northern Ireland has traditionally had an industrial economy, most notably in shipbuilding, rope manufacture, and textiles, but the heaviest industry has since been replaced by services, primarily the public sector. [13][110] The BBC style guide is to refer to Northern Ireland as a province, and use of the term is common in literature and newspaper reports on Northern Ireland and the United Kingdom. It is a full member of the International Cricket Council, having been granted Test status and full membership by the ICC in June 2017. The Williamite victories of the siege of Derry (1689) and Battle of the Boyne (1690) are still celebrated by some Protestants in Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland, part of the United Kingdom, lying in the northeastern quadrant of the island of Ireland, on the western continental periphery often characterized as Atlantic Europe. It was the first meeting between the two heads of government since partition. The erection by some district councils of bilingual street names in both English and Irish,[179] invariably in predominantly nationalist districts, is resisted by unionists who claim that it creates a "chill factor" and thus harms community relationships. And while it is the Protestant-majority part of Ireland, at the time of the division, about a third of the Northern Irish were Catholic. October 5, 1968 was when the Troubles began, argues Smyth, and those TV images are etched in the peoples memory.. None of the hills are especially high, with Slieve Donard in the dramatic Mournes reaching 850 metres (2,789ft), Northern Ireland's highest point. However, Home Rule became a near-certainty in 1912 after the Government of Ireland Act 1914 was first introduced. During the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, Northern Ireland suffered dozens of car bombings and sectarian attacks perpetrated by paramilitary groups on both sides like the Provisional IRA and the Ulster Volunteer Force. The highest maximum temperature recorded was 31.4C (88.5F), registered in July 2021 at Armagh Observatory's weather station. The population density is 135 inhabitants / km2. The head of Northern Ireland's community relations council has said the police patrols are unsustainable . Its amazing that more people werent killed, says Smyth, who was among the protestors that day in Derry. The volcanic activity which created the Antrim Plateau also formed the geometric pillars of the Giant's Causeway on the north Antrim coast. There is no generally accepted term to describe what Northern Ireland is: province, region, country or something else. [170] The Irish Language Act of 2022 also legislated commissioners for both Irish and Ulster Scots.[1]. This is one of the four major cycles of Irish mythology. It defies the whole spirit of the Good Friday Agreement, the power-sharing agreement that ended the Troubles, in 1998, and tended to diminish the distinctions between north and south. The intention was to disadvantage Catholics and, to a lesser extent, Presbyterians. [21] More than 500 were killed[22] and more than 10,000 became refugees, mostly Catholics. Two all-island bodies for the promotion of these were created under the Agreement: Foras na Gaeilge, which promotes the Irish language, and the Ulster Scots Agency, which promotes the Ulster-Scots dialect and culture. Major seaports at Larne and Belfast carry passengers and freight between Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Both the national flag and the national anthem of present-day Ireland drive origins directly from the Rising. [19] Today, the former generally see themselves as British and the latter generally see themselves as Irish, while a Northern Irish or Ulster identity is claimed by a significant minority from all backgrounds. It won the European Cup in 1999. Young nationalist leaders like John Hume, Austin Currie and Bernadette Devlin refused to accept the status quo. [50] The British authorities outlawed the Dil in September 1919,[51] and a guerrilla conflict developed as the Irish Republican Army (IRA) began attacking British forces. [110] Authors writing specifically about Northern Ireland dismiss the idea that Northern Ireland is a "country" in general terms,[12][14][111] and draw contrasts in this respect with England, Scotland and Wales. [134] The lowest minimum temperature recorded was 18.7C (1.7F) at Castlederg, County Tyrone on 23 December 2010.

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