(D) Describe one way in which language can be used to promote cultural identity and unity. activities that directly extract materials from the Earth. But why is this the case? asituation whereby a nations economic structure is altered by a change in the political system, afunction of economic change whereby one nations economy flourishes at the expense of another nations economy, asituation whereby a nations political structure is altered by the changing nature of the economy, afunction of economic change whereby one region's economy flourishes at the expense of another regions economy. Research Guides: Human Geography: Economic geography In this model, a customer can design a product using computer-aided design software and then send the design to a 3D printer, which will produce the product on demand. It forms its own sovereign nation-state predominately made up of the Irish ethnic group. the facilities which provide the essential framework for industry e.g. The idea that an imaginary line can be draw around the north pole roughly (excluding Australia) that encompasses the MDCs of the world. a. d.f. Answer: One example of a policy designed to address resource distribution challenges is revenue sharing, where revenue from the extraction and sale of natural resources is shared between the government and local communities. One effect of suburbanization is placelessness; this is the feeling that you are in the same place wherever you go because the landscape is homogenous like we discussed in Unit 1. Many villages in Ghana don't have access to clean water. Uneven development can result in large health disparities. An example of just-in-time delivery is a car manufacturer that receives parts from its suppliers as they are needed on the production line, rather than receiving large batches of parts in advance and storing them in a warehouse. Answer: Urbanization is the process by which cities grow in size and number as more people move from rural areas to urban areas. On January 1, 2013, Ameen Company purchased a building for $36 million. However, people can be pushed out of their home country because of war or natural disasters. StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. The deliberate killing of a place through industrial expansion and change, so that its earlier landscape and character are destroyed. Answer: Sustainable development is a development model that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. A growth pole is a specific area or sector that drives economic development in a region. Industrialization and Economic Growth will give power to some but will hurt others through the process of Uneven Development. People are living in every corner of the world. C) Explain two economic consequences of urbanization, providing an example of each. Develop a global partnership for development, the unequal distribution of people, resources and wealth that is a fundamental characteristic of human geography; the increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy, Economic Sector (Agriculture). Alternative to international trade that emphasizes small businesses and worker owned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employers to pay workers fair wages, permit union organizing, and comply with minimum environmental and safety standards. Migration is a process that has significant cultural, social, economic, and political implications for both migrants and the communities they leave and join. B) Explain the concept of human capital and describe one way in which investing in human capital can promote economic development. Some countries are much richer and much more powerful than others. Answer: A dialect is a variation of a language that is specific to a particular region or social group. Industrialization consumer goods more affordable and available, Railroads increased circulation of goods, people, and ideas, Demand for raw materials increased, new sources acquired by steamship, Women gained economic power with opportunities in factories, Countries develop with more trade and more knowledge of economics, Development should be sustainable to prevent depletion of limited natural resources. People may be pulled to a HIC country, as there are more economic or educational opportunities. Core and Periphery, Two Types That Make the World What are some consequences of uneven development? Examples include the Maasai Mara in Kenya, the Amazon rainforest in South America, and the Borneo rainforest in Malaysia. If these countries are also in debt, the situation will only worsen, as they will be in a constant cycle of owing money. (A) Explain the difference between a dialect and a language. The next AP Human Geography test will be held on Tuesday, May 4, 2023, at 8:00 AM. Examples of centrifugal and centripetal force are found in religion, language, ethnic culture, government, and physical geography. (D) Explain the limitations of communication technology in furthering the goals of devolutionary groups and democracy movements. Additionally, as families become smaller due to access to birth control, family structures may become more nuclear and less extended. One example of a policy designed to promote sustainable development in the face of population growth is the implementation of renewable energy sources, such as wind or solar power, which can. Economic benefits: Ecotourism can provide economic opportunities for local communities, such as employment and income generation. What are some of the economic causes of uneven development? G) Analyze the effectiveness of one policy or program designed to address the challenges of migration and its consequences. They are widely recognized as a framework for addressing some of the most pressing challenges facing the world, including poverty, inequality, climate change, and environmental degradation. A) Define the concept of population growth and provide one historical or contemporary example of a factor that has contributed to population growth. This results in uneven development globally. An example of an environmental justice issue related to resource distribution is the disproportionate exposure of low-income and minority communities to pollution and environmental hazards, such as in areas with high concentrations of polluting industries. - Less developed countries. the number of live births per thousand of population per year. There are several ways in which sustainable development can be achieved, including: Implementing efficient use of resources: This can involve using renewable energy sources, reducing waste, and increasing resource productivity. Can teach locals new skills. Economic growth is vital for understanding development as a whole. AP Human Geography - 1 Name_____ Rubenstein's The Cultural Landscape Chapter 1: Thinking Geographically Introduction to Note Packets Reading the textbook and taking notes while reading are NECESSARY steps in processing and . In Egypt, for . Definitions for Topics 7.1-7.8. An example of language convergence is Spanglish, which combines elements of Spanish and English to create a distinct dialect that is used in some regions of the United States and Latin America. Births plus deaths divided by immigration B. This allows for the production of customized products with short lead times, and reduces the need for large-scale production runs and mass storage of finished goods. This describes the way that people become stuck in a vicious cycle of being poor. a measure of how many units of currency are needed in one country to buy the amount of goods and services that one unit of currency will buy in another country. True or false: tourism has helped Tunisias economy, as well as improving other development indicators. Ecotourism activities often involve nature-based experiences, such as wildlife viewing, birdwatching, hiking, and camping. In Bangladesh, ___ were used to filter out cholera from water. 2: Antilia Tower (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mumbai_03-2016_19_Antilia_Tower.jpg) by A. Savin (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:A.Savin) Liense type: Free Art License (http://artlibre.org/licence/lal/en/). The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry. The SDGs are intended to be integrated and indivisible, meaning that they are interconnected and cannot be achieved in isolation. Answer: Language convergence refers to the blending of two or more languages into a new, hybrid language. endstream endobj startxref Just-in-time delivery (JIT) is a supply chain management strategy in which materials and goods are delivered to the production process or to the end customer just in time for them to be used, rather than being delivered in advance or being stockpiled. LICs often have poorer access to safe water and suffer from the Impact of Water Insecurity. For instance, migrants may send money back to their home countries, providing an important source of income, but they may also compete with local workers for jobs. That is what this whole unit is about. Colonialism has occurred intensely throughout history. Our population is just about to hit 8 billion. f .=100,95d.f.=100,95 percent confidence. C) Describe two economic consequences of migration, providing an example of each. Uneven development can cause a larger gap between the rich and poor within countries, too. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. Example: traditional society, The middle grounds. f .=80,95d.f.=80,95 percent confidence, c. d.f.=100,95d . For example, implementing public transportation options can reduce traffic congestion and improve air quality, while green spaces can improve mental health and provide opportunities for community building. ( The last section of the core-periphery model). In this unit, you will examine how supply and demand affect how a country can improve standards of living and how different economic systems can help citizens of a country gain more or less equality. D) Describe two environmental consequences of urbanization, providing an example of each. It is characterized by a strong reliance on agriculture, trade, and the bartering of goods and services. There is a huge contrast in the number of people living in eastern China compared to the distribution in the western part of the country. refers to the level fo wealth, comfrot, mateial goods, and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class or geographic area. It can take place in a variety of settings, such as national parks, wildlife reserves, and coastal areas. Integration stage The use of the new technology increase rapidly providing new benefits and supporting the overall business strategy. During colonial times, resources and money would be taken from colonised countries, often for the benefit of the colonising country. The total value of goods and services produced within the borders of a country during a specific time period, usually one year. Reduce child mortality. Cities have wealthier people and a larger middle class in China and Japan, for example. Maquiladoras are a controversial form of economic development, as they can provide jobs and economic growth in the host country, but are also accused of exploiting cheap labor and undermining local businesses. 3) Takeoff stage - Introduction and rapid growth (industrial revolution) of manufacturing industries, better infrastructure, financial investment, and cultural change Uneven development is a global issue. AP Human Geography Unit 4 | Geography - Quizizz They explore changes to places resulting from the growth or loss of industry and the role of industry in the world economy. For example, the concentration of automobile manufacturing in Detroit, Michigan was due in part to the availability of iron and coal in the region, as well as the presence of the Great Lakes, which made it easier to transport raw materials and finished products. Here are some examples of countries that are often classified as LDCs: Afghanistan Bangladesh Burkina Faso Cambodia Ethiopia Haiti Malawi Nepal Sierra Leone Tajikistan Here are some examples of countries that are often classified as MDCs: Australia Canada Japan Germany United States France United Kingdom South Korea Switzerland Sweden It contains a multiple-choice section and a free-response section. Example: USA, The percentage of a country's people who can read and write. Physical causes of uneven development include climate, natural resource curse theory, and being landlocked. To show whether a country is developed, there are certain development indicators or Measures of Development. endstream endobj 439 0 obj <>>>/EncryptMetadata false/Filter/Standard/Length 128/O(Q.`;RvqL)/P -1324/R 4/StmF/StdCF/StrF/StdCF/U(VpKS% )/V 4>> endobj 440 0 obj <>>>/Lang(|VZT;p&p I]$y|k)/MarkInfo 463 0 R/Metadata 41 0 R/OpenAction 441 0 R/Outlines 60 0 R/Pages 436 0 R/StructTreeRoot 61 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 441 0 obj <> endobj 442 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Thumb 34 0 R/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 443 0 obj <>stream *Schemes are not always appropriate and not always sustainable long term because of lack of local knowledge. It is based on the principles of conservation, education, and sustainability, and aims to provide a positive economic and cultural exchange between visitors and local communities. Example: PPP between Mexico and the US, AP Human Geography Chapter 10 (Development) V, World History and Geography: Modern Times, Tennessee World History and Geography Modern Times. The access to health, or the amount of comfort/leisure and feelings of safety. The Trans Atlantic slave trade caused uneven development as the African continent was bled of its human resources. Periphery areas. the state of relying on or needing someone or something for aid, support. (A) Define the concept of a state and describe two characteristics of a state. the division of the world into major economic centers, centers of manufacturing, and extremely poor communities. Answer: Human capital refers to the knowledge, skills, and abilities of individuals that contribute to their productivity and economic success. By using JIT, the car manufacturer can respond more quickly to changes in demand and adjust its production levels accordingly. The Sun Belt is a region of the United States that includes the southeastern and southwestern states and is known for its warm climate and rapid population and economic growth. G) Analyze the effectiveness of one policy or program designed to address resource distribution challenges. These can also be used to compare countries with each other. How close is the ttt-value to the corresponding zzz-value (at the bottom of the column for d.f. Let's put everything into practice. Of these countries, only Vietnam does not qualify as a country in the semi-periphery. It is considered to be in the periphery due to its low standard of living. For example, the Kurdish people are a nation that is spread across several different states, while the United Kingdom is a state made up of several different nations. The dynamic nature of the uneven development process is most pronounced at the urban scale at which capital is most mobile, resulting in, for example, the rapid gentrification (upgrading through the attraction of investment and new middle-class residents) of previously declining inner-city areas. (G) Analyze the effectiveness of one policy or program designed to promote language diversity and maintain linguistic heritage. While India is the second most populous nation in the world, the rate of economic development is much lower compared to nations like the United States (third most populous nation), Japan (tenth most populous nation), and Australia. Traditional economy: A traditional economy is one that is based on customs, traditions, and the way of life that has been followed for generations. A) Define the concept of migration and provide one historical or contemporary example of a push factor and a pull factor that can lead to migration. in tandem. Turns natural resource into something else (product for sale). answer choices Image 2 shows an innovation that occurred in the Second Agricultural Revolution, reducing the amount of labor needed and increasing crop yields. Natural disasters lcan cause deaths, and are expensive to recover from infrastructurally. From historical human factors such as conflict (war) and political instability, to physical factors such. #1-73: Read Chapter 1 (pg. 2-41) of the AP Human Geography textbook A link to the Pdf file of this chapter is posted below for you to reference until the textbooks are distributed: a resource of economic value that cannot be readily replaced by natural means on a level equal to its consumption. An example of this is the use of language policies to promote or suppress the use of certain languages in schools or government, which can affect the power and status of different linguistic groups. =)=\infty)=). The Core-Periphery Model is used by geographers to describe the division of the world into three segments. Development levels differ around the world. example, "Population") was also useful for answering the question, especially in parts B and C. Sample: 3A Score: 6 It can also force people to leave a country. the level of wealth, comfort, material goods and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class in a certain geographic area. Newly Emerging Economies (NEEs) are countries that are seeing a rise in economic development or industrialisation. look up the value of Student's ttt in Appendix D for the stated level of confidence. In wealthy countries as much as three-quarters (in a few cases close to a hundred percent) of the population is engaged in tertiary and quaternary economic activities. It is usually used to measure income inequality, but can be used to measure any form of uneven distribution. A) Explain the concept of urbanization and identify two historical factors that have contributed to the growth of urban areas. The idea behind a growth pole is that economic development in one area can have spillover effects that stimulate growth in other areas. Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. A way to measure the extent of sex inequality set up by the UN Gini coefficient is a measure of inequality developed by an Italian statistician. Answer: Population growth can impact resource consumption by increasing demand for resources such as food, water, and energy. For instance, walkable cities make it easier for residents to get around without relying on cars, while green infrastructure such as parks and green roofs can help reduce the urban heat island effect and improve air quality. 0 9E Q'bUU*C4I5d4Nf\Xg.=@$]g:*2w1>JPyX0V[{YNMp6O~tT(tU^BT|KN 4uGw"fZ#qQX%7?)?4R3= AP Human Geography - Unit 3 - Development Flashcards | Quizlet 4) Data administration stage. Uneven Development - My Geography Let's look further into these consequences of uneven development, with some examples, too. Technologies that are appropriate for a specific country. G) Explain the concept of a sustainable city and identify two features of a city that would make it more sustainable. International migration is the movement of people across borders. An example of neocolonialism is the influence of the United States on the economies and governments of Latin American countries. The Development Continuum can show a scale of development, showing the least and most developed countries, and those in between. The polluter pays principle: This principle holds that those who generate pollution should bear the costs of preventing or mitigating it. [79e"; Ly:?M,@hZIdv*KYVBm96p#{oAOJ.1pKSm+2IBQ+FRszh289J={C=Mn^5'. the average period that a person may expect to live. Protecting and conserving natural resources: This can involve conserving biodiversity, protecting natural habitats, and managing natural resources in a sustainable way. A. {|gbG]:$rQ*;589DU@)~?TyLo b\.z (Xzb;;c8{/@d!Z"t?SSnw*L.?Spm8SpO0R;/_v$dKllt34`4;ov+m} At December 31, 2015, the book value of the building was$30 million and its tax basis was $20 million. This dependence has led to criticism that these countries are still being exploited and controlled by outside powers, despite the formal end of colonialism. Pretax accounting income for 2016 was$45 million. Urbanization is a global phenomenon that has significant social, economic, and environmental consequences. Create beautiful notes faster than ever before. It can also be on a social scale, based upon factors such as healthcare, education, and people's quality of life. Many of these resources are used for energy production or are the base materials in manufacturing. It is the transfer of products and goods between countries. Political geography is the study of the spatial distribution of political processes and the impact of these processes on the landscape and human behavior. For example, the use of certain words or phrases can signal membership in a particular group and reinforce cultural ties. The amount of wealth or goods that people have. They can also be found if you zoom into a country at a regional, local and even city scale. Some popular destinations for ecotourism include: National parks and protected areas: These are protected areas of land and sea that are managed to conserve their natural beauty, biodiversity, and cultural values. True or false: the development continuum helps to show a scale of development, with the least and most developed countries, and the countries in between. Pull factors are the things that attract people to a new country. 5) Maturity stage Maturity - Perfection? The back-wash effect can be best described as __________. The distribution of resources and access to resources has significant implications for economic development and quality of life. Extract resources. Answer: Environmental justice refers to the fair treatment of all people in terms of environmental decision-making and the distribution of environmental risks and benefits. Population growth is a global phenomenon that has significant environmental and social implications. Due to the nature of the global economy the wealthiest countries can rely on the poorest countries to provide the bulk of their primary economic activities and the semi-developed countries to provide the bulk of their secondary economic activities. Refugees are people who are forced to leave their homes, often because it is unsafe to stay. Each goal is accompanied by a set of specific targets and indicators to help measure progress. This is because healthcare is typically better, with more access to doctors, and investment into this sector is higher. This can impact the lives of migrants and the communities they leave and join by shaping cultural exchange and economic ties, such as through the creation of diaspora networks that facilitate trade and investment. What a state's dollar can actually buy compared to another state's dollar; what a country is able to buy. It is characterized by a mix of private enterprise and government control. The control of countries by other countries. Uneven development can be a direct cause of more people moving away from their home country. D) Explain the concept of transnationalism and describe one way in which transnationalism can impact the lives of migrants and the communities they leave and join. Quality of life is the level of access to things like health, comfort/leisure and feelings of safety. Are we all living equally? Raw materials are materials that other things are made from. Stop procrastinating with our smart planner features. A way to measure the extent of sex inequality set up by the UN. Examples include Yellowstone National Park in the United States, Serengeti National Park in Tanzania, and Galapagos National Park in Ecuador. A classic example of this that is mentioned often is the Rust Belt experience of the Midwest. Example: factory worker or refiner, Economic Sector (Services). Example: The GDP of the USA Human Development Index (HDI) Indicator of level of development for each country, constructed by United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy. Refer to the information in the first quick study of this chapter and assume the periodic inventory system is used. The construction of the canal also led to the development of other growth poles in the surrounding region, as new industries, such as tourism and real estate, emerged to serve the needs of the canal. Does that sound easy enough to understand? (C) Explain the concept of language convergence and describe one example of a language that has experienced convergence. Materials that other things are made from. A British charity called. An example of agglomeration is the concentration of industries in a specific area or region. Example: Canada. Push factors are the reasons that people move away from a country. More industrialized. Here are some examples of border clashes between nations of the core and the periphery: The growing fence between the U.S. (core) and Mexico (periphery) to prevent the entrance of unauthorized immigrants. Answer: Urban planning can mitigate the negative effects of urbanization by promoting sustainable development and creating green spaces. Causes and consequences of uneven development - BBC A Packet made by Mr. Sinn to help you succeed not only on the AP Te. The terms are listed in the order of the reading for each book. Are you interested to find out how wealthy your family is compared to the rest of the world? Uneven development describes the way development differs across the world, and takes place at different speeds. Hopefully, this AP Human Geography study guide has helped you understand this concept more clearly so you can apply what you have learned when you take the AP Human Geography Exam. Nations with high population density tend to be poverty-stricken as well, due to too many people in a given area competing for resources (agricultural, financial, etc). The effectiveness of such policies may depend on factors such as the level of community involvement in decision-making and the transparency of revenue allocation. One example of a policy designed to promote sustainable development in the face of population growth is the implementation of renewable energy sources, such as wind or solar power, which can reduce reliance on non-renewable resources and decrease greenhouse gas emissions. Development is the improvement of the standard of living of a population. Historical causes can be exampled by colonialism. HICs and TNCs tend to source their raw materials from LICs, as it is usually much cheaper. Usually poor. The Core-Periphery Model is used by geographers to describe___________. Development is vastly uneven, with some countries being highly developed, while others suffer the consequences of low development. e. demand curve (B) Explain the difference between a nation and a state. This can take the form of economic policies that favor the interests of foreign corporations and governments, or the use of military or diplomatic pressure to influence the domestic policies of a weaker country. AP Human Geography Chapter 9 Development Flashcards | Quizlet Coastal and marine areas: These are areas along the coast or in the ocean that are rich in biodiversity and provide opportunities for ecotourism activities such as snorkeling, diving, and whale watching. Nie wieder prokastinieren mit unseren Lernerinnerungen. Transnational corporations (TNCs) are large businesses that operate in multiple countries. While a nation and a state can overlap, they are not synonymous. Sell the product from secondary, also - the provision of goods and services to people in exchange for payment, such as lawyer, doctor.
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