On the personal side, I derive happiness from being a good son, a good husband, a good sibling, a good friend, and a good citizen. He also received Urban Leadership Award from Canadian Urban Institute. 49 on the list of Philippines 50 Richest. Download Free PDF Download PDF Download Free PDF View PDF. edgar sia contribution to the society and economy Contact Us The attitudes, mentalities, interests, perception and even the thought process of the employees affect . Schopenhauer (English) by Whittaker, Thomas. The company has a portfolio of . "The arts are not a way to make a living. When a 250-meter slot in Robinsons mall in Iloilo, was presented to Sia, he immediately reserved it despite not knowing what to put up yet. Mang Inasal, which means "Mr. Barbecue" in the local Ilonggo dialect of the western Visayas region, from where Sia hails, almost missed out on its name. By age 20, he was already running multiple businesses which include a photo developing store (Injap Color Express), a 58-room three star hotel (Four Season Hotel), and a laundry shop (Mister Labada). July 10, 2022. 2023 ABS-CBN Corporation. [5][2], Sia co-founded the barbecue chain Mang Inasal in Iloilo City in 2003. Now after 19 years, Sia makes it to Forbes List of 50 Richest Filipinos with a net worth estimated at US$675 million as of September 2021. Edgar "Injap" Sia is the founder of the fast-food chain, Mang Inasal. Edgar "Injap" Sia, at the age of twenty six, grabbed the opportunity to lease a 250 square meter space at the Robinson's Mall Carpark-Iloilo in December 2003. Investopedia is the world's leading source of financial content on the web, ranging from market news to retirement strategies, investing education to insights from advisors. background: #f9a46e; At age 10, Sia already helps out in the family business, stacking merchandise, taking inventories or manning the counter after school. of and in " a to was is ) ( for as on by he with 's that at from his it an were are which this also be has or : had first one their its new after but who not they have Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. edgar sia contribution to the society and economy } All rights reserved. In this Chinese name, the family name is Tan. } That way you share the value of the company to tens of thousands of many small other investors that you dont know. Professor Black wrote the centenary history of the Society in 1947, was for years the mainstay of the Society in the North, presented at least four papers, and was an active participant in many discussions. StockBytes PH Knowledge bits for the Philippine Market. Introduction to International Relations by Michael Cox. of and to in a is that for on ##AT##-##AT## with The are be I this as it we by have not you which will from ( at ) or has an can our European was all : also " - 's your We In Nigeria, at least 50 people are killed in an attack at a Catholic church in Owo, Ondo State. Indian Hotels' 120-year journey has been nothing short of extraordinary, earning it a place as South Asia's iconic hospitality brand. A must-read for English-speaking expatriates and internationals across Europe, Expatica provides a tailored local news service and essential information on living, working, and moving to your country of choice. And money should not be the primary reason but rather just the natural result if you do business right. In the second year of operations, he opened six more and in the third year, another 20. the Business world is not only dominated by men, more Press Release. [6], In 2009, Sia founded Injap Land Corporation (now DoubleDragon Properties Corporation), developer of CityMall chain of malls. padding: 0; The journal welcomes submissions of high-quality and multi-disciplinary articles that address social, demographic, political, economic and industrial trends and challenges. Once you are ready, be prepared to execute passionately and have laser focus on growing your new business especially during its start-up stage. Injap Sia is an inspirational figure who bootstrapped his way into a food and a real-estate empire. Moreover, there are undeniable synergies between the real estate and retail businesses, and in our case, gladly the grocery retail have always been in our blood, Edgar Injap Sia II further added. EDGAR Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research . Mang Inasal - Edgar Sia | PDF | Fast Food | Entrepreneurship - Scribd The double-blind peer-reviewed journal publishes original research articles and book reviews in the fields of economics, social sciences, and business studies, which address social and economic issues in Central and Eastern Europe or have relevance for social and economic development in this region. australia's richest 250; degrassi eli and imogen; donna taylor dermot desmond; wglc closings and cancellations; baby chick walking in circles; . Facebook Twitter Messenger. Several years later, Mang Inasal branches were cropping up in Visayas and Mindanao. Institute: Corvinus University of Budapest, Address: Fvm tr 8. The abnormal way of doing an IPO is I believe the most inclusive way. two memorable characters created by mary shelley. Edgar "Injap" Sia II Edgar Sia II awed the nation with his entrepreneurial skillsa full package of vision, disruptive product, customer focus and brilliant execution. Sia also had no system for running the operation and no commissary to supply the raw materials. Find Incredible Venues. The School System of Norway (English) by Anderson, David Allen. For me, its very important to do business fair and square. .item04 { The company, which opened its first branch in Double Dragon Plaza mid last year, aims to cover all grocery retail categories, from small, medium and large grocery retail formats. "Edgar Sia II is Youngest Filipino Billionaire by Josiah Go | The Marketing Mentor", "How a college dropout became a billionaire", "Apea / Philippines / Edgar Injap Sia Ii Enterprise Asia", "Success Story of Injap Sia: Youngest Billionaire in PH", "Injap Sia: 10 Little Known Facts About the Self-Made Billionaire", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edgar_Sia&oldid=1151269954, This page was last edited on 22 April 2023, at 23:56. As a Grammy Award-winning artist, Mary J. Blige is also a fashion icon known for her trailblazing, New York swag. The School System of Norway (English) by Anderson, David Allen. Hence, in December 12, 2003, he opened the first store of Mang Inasal. "The overhead at the time was low so it wasn't that risky," he says. David Coady, IMF-Chief of the Expenditure Policy Division at the Fiscal Affairs Department. Expatica is the international communitys online home away from home. It started in 2003 when smalltown lad Edgar Sia II, then a 26-year-old college dropout, grabbed a tiny spot in the parking lot of a . His parents ran a grocery store where Sia worked on weekends as a cashier from the age of 10. Uc Davis Men's Soccer Schedule 2021, I tested the Aspire II against nine other contenders. To start small from scratch and penetrate and disrupt a mature and highly competitive traditional industry dominated by large established players is very challenging and you start with so much disadvantage. He also serves as an inspiration to all the probinsyano entrepreneurs around the country with his continued efforts in giving back to society in various forms such as the donation of the 4-storey Iloilo City Community College Building, the Catholic Parish Church Building in Cagay, Roxas City, the rebuilding of the Public Plaza of Tanauan Leyte, and the Pavillion in Gawad Kalinga Enchanted Farm in Bulacan, among others. Along came the offer to rent a corner in an upcoming food hall. Sia then became the youngest billionaire in the Philippines at the age of 34. His father is part Chinese and his mother is part Japanese. Our family initially had no plans to expand the grocery business, but our recent experiences made us realize the need for us to be in the modern grocery retail business. They got married and the couple founded National Book Store in 1940. He also received Urban Leadership Award from Canadian Urban Institute. email us at[emailprotected]or follow our social media account and join our groups, Cheers! margin: 0; What are the most unforgettable challenges you experienced, how did you overcome them, and what did you learn from them? He knows how to give birth to a brand, and has the ability to make it mean something to people. Today the Sia siblings are aiming higher, with an eye on grabbing the No. Through his $50-million investment in business education at Queens, Stephen aims to equip the leaders of tomorrow with the skills to sustain Canadas business, economic and social development. Edgar Sia II is the chairman of DoubleDragon Corporation, the real estate developer he and his partner Tony Tan Caktiong took public in 2014. Despite surging demand for nickel amid a global shortage, Zamora falls to No. With P2.4 million of borrowed money, Sia decided on inasal as the most viable dish after analyzing the different culinary specialty of the 16 regions. My advice to other aspiring entrepreneurs is its all right to start small. FedEx was among the first to recognize this slowdown in global trade, and we 8585 Chemin Cte-de-Liesse. GDP growth is expected to hit 7% this year as consumer spending picks up. Accurate translations for individuals and Teams. We employ a multi-pronged methodological approach, combining the economic modelling results provided by DG Trade with qualitative analysis Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is the continuing commitment by the business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development, while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large. Trade Sustainability Impact Assessment in support of FTA negotiations between the European Union and Australia . [2], In 2011, Sia became the youngest billionaire in the Philippines at the age of 34 after selling his 70% stake in Mang Inasal to Jollibee. background-color: #757575; ADVANCED SCIENCE LETTERSis a multidisciplinary peer-reviewed journal with a very wide-ranging coverage, consolidates fundamental and applied research activities by publishing proceedings from international scientific, technical and medical conferences in all areas of (1) Physical Sciences, (2) Engineering, (3) Biological Sciences/Health Sciences, (4) Medicine, (5) No commission, no charges, no fees. In October 2010, Jollibee Food Corporation acquired 70% of Injap Investment, Inc., the holding company of Mang Inasal. UNK the , . Before I Say I Do 9781471185250, 9781471191558. ASA News October 12, 2021. He then took a bank loan to set up a small budget hotel. In 2009 Sia founded Injap Land Corporation then after two years of fully acquiring Mang Inasal, a partnership between Sia and Caktiong was born. companies like Jollibee and Chowking. Where is your event? th { Can you give us some tips on how to be wealthy and how to effectively manage wealth? Where is your event? For me, having supportive family members and business partners are my successful moments. EDGAR INJAP SIA: It is important to focus on four areas. (He had to convince his friends parents to loan them the capital for the hotel,which is still around today.). directory-list-lowercase-2.3-big.txt - Free ebook download as Text File (.txt), PDF File (.pdf) or read book online for free. ng k hc li xe B1.1-B2-C ti Hu; bachelor thesis example computer science; mahika name pronunciation; sarku japan teriyaki sauce ingredients Aggregate contribution to community programs, including in-kind support, of a target of 1 per cent pre-tax profits, calculated on a three-year rolling average. He is the Ernst and Youngs Small Business Entrepreneurship for 2010. Once logged in, you can add biography in the database. He is the eldest of three siblings. There is a fee for seeing pages and other features. Drawn from a series of workshops and interviews with more than 35 executives from leading companies, and guided by the Forum's Global Agenda Council on Social . Republic Act No. She is also involved in the We Believe in Second Chances campaign for the abolishment of the death penalty. Its Julias wedding day. Password requirements: 6 to 30 characters long; ASCII characters only (characters found on a standard US keyboard); must contain at least 4 different symbols; by Helen Yanacopulos. Simply browse to any page on the internet (including PDFs) and click the MyBib button to generate an automatically formatted citation for that page. In Nigeria, at least 50 people are killed in an attack at a Catholic church in Owo, Ondo State. Edgar 'Injap' Sia II, the Philippines' youngest billionaire, shares a glimpse of his life, entrepreneurial insights, and dreams for the Filipinos. }. Successful businesses fuel a healthy economy, and a healthy economy is critical to a strong and well-functioning social infrastructure. border-collapse: collapse; But broader ambitions of going beyond his provincial roots got him thinking again. However, regional economic gains have fallen short of erasing significant differences among ASEAN member states. What is his role in your success in life? Posted by . Coal in a Sustainable Society. Coastal habitat that provides key ES are blue carbon ecosystems, namely seagrass and mangroves. Soon, Luzon caught the chicken-and-unli-rice bug. Home / Uncategorized / edgar sia contribution to the society and economy. Edgar J. Sia II, who also goes by the moniker Injap (a portmanteau of Intsik and Japanese since his father is half-Chinese while his mother is half-Japanese), made waves in the local fast food industry in the mid-to-late 2000s with his brainchild, Mang Inasal, which he started in 2003 in Iloilo City. known for its line of Hotel101 condotels. On the personal side, I am blessed to have very supportive family members: my parents Boy and Paz; wife Shella; kids Jappy, John Henry, and Es; brother Ferdinand; and sister Mariz. At present, the potential impact of COVID-19 seasonality is being discussed widely within academia, medical organizations, and in politics. [6] He was nicknamed "Injap", a portmanteau of "Intsik" (the Filipino/Tagalog term for Chinese) and "Japanese"; as his father, Edgar Sr., is half Chinese, while his mother, the former Pacita Jaruda, is half Japanese (Japanese surname Haruda, ). Any reader can search newspapers.com by registering. I dream that in my lifetime, our country will become a first world country where most of its people are prosperous. She will be married by thirty, done having kids by thirty-five, and . Socorro Ramos' success story: One for the book. Sia partnered with Jollibee founder Tony Tan Caktiong, a man the younger tycoon calls a mentor, to setup Double Dragon Properties Corp. .item07 { Edgar Sia II Success Story | StockBytes PH News Bits BY JACS T. SAMPAYAN opacity: 1; wells fargo class action lawsuit 2021 claim form. Staffing Employment Booms in October. 1918. [8] They live in Manila, Philippines.[2]. edgar sia contribution to the society and economy what was life like during the communist russia. I SESSION: ECONOMY, FINANCE AND HEALTH POLICY. Saint-Laurent, Qubec. MerryMart celebrated two milestones last April 29, 2019. The project seeks to calculate the digital economy's contribution to U.S. GDP, improve measures of high-tech goods and services, and offer a more complete picture of international trade. Singapore has a fully developed industrial international economy. The name Mang Inasal was prey straighorward: its Ilonggo for Mr. Barbecue. Here is the lightly edited version of BusinessWorlds e-mail interview with him. Lucio Tan's key to a genuine happiness is to treasure his real source of happiness, his family, his good relationship with his peers and co-workers and his employees. Society and Economy | AKJournals Find Incredible Venues. The World Bank's most recent 2017 edition of the Global Findex showed that while 98% of adults in Singapore and 85% in Malaysia had a bank account, just 22% of Cambodian adults and 26% Burmese adults did. ; A fire and explosions at a storage depot in Sitakunda, Bangladesh, kill at least 41 people and injure more than 450 others. background: #ddd; width: 15%; th, td { In Central and Eastern Europe Journal of the Corvinus University of Budapest. } So far, I think our country is progressing toward that direction. Teams big and small trust Otter to transcribe their important conversations. This page is not available in other languages. Edgar "Injap" Sia III is the chairman and CEO of DoubleDragon Properties, a listed real estate company that develops the CityMall chain of malls. The real estate development company was founded in 2009 originally as a subsidiary of Sias Injap Investments, Inc. After becoming a joint venture with Tan Caktiongs Honeystar Holdings, the company started making itself more visible in the country through the imposing commercial spaces near the Mall of Asia complex. Within a year, Sia opened another branch in Roxas City. How do you feel about being the countrys youngest billionaire? In a statement, Sias DoubleDragon said its industrial property leasing subsidiary CentralHub Industrial Centers signed an agreement of almost 4 billion pesos with Jollibee. The company has a portfolio of commercial and residential properties. National Society of Black Engineers CCNY Chapter. My grandfather started his grocery store in the 1950s in our hometown. Sia co-founded the barbecue chain Mang Inasal in Iloilo City in 2003.In seven years, Mang Inasal grew to 338 branches nationwide, before being acquired by Jollibee in 2010. Most Read Articles. the , . AKJournals is the trademark of Akadmiai Kiad's journal publishing business branch. background: #fac39f; Edgar Sia II is the chairman of DoubleDragon Corporation, the real estate developer he and his partner Tony Tan Caktiong took public in 2014. By the decades end, there were already more than a hundred Mang Inasal branches nationwide. Dr. Knowles is a Fellow of the Royal Society, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society, and a Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Sciences. michigan high school wrestling team rankings 2022, How To Unlock Giganotosaurus In Jurassic World Evolution 2. Injap having been born in the province in a family operating grocery retail for over 40 years so he has a deep understanding of the retail behavior and economic activity in these provincial areas. Max Strus, who played his first two college seasons at Division II Lewis University, is now a starter with the Miami Heat. I believe keeping your feet always on the ground is the best way to navigate life. Chickpea Pancakes Ottolenghi, width: 20%; Address: Fvm tr 8. Sias entrepreneurial inclinations and instinct showed up early in life. This is going back to our basics. "The overhead at the time was low so it wasn't that risky," he says. width: 5%; Careers But if you and your team are intensely determined and you plan really carefully and execute passionately, it is still possible to succeed. Edgar "Injap" Jaruda Sia II (born 1977) is a Filipino businessman. Phone: (36 1) 482 5406 The modern day tycoon became the country's youngest billionaire in 2011 at only 34 years old. Through his $50-million investment in business education at Queens, Stephen aims to equip the leaders of tomorrow with the skills to sustain Canadas business, economic and social development. He is the chairman of DoubleDragon Properties (a joint business venture with Tony Tan Caktiong), and the founder of the Mang Inasal fast food restaurant chain. H-1093 Budapest, Hungary Republic Act No. The latest partnership with Sia will provide Jollibee a vehicle to raise funds to finance its expansion plans in the Philippines and overseas. Edgar Injap Sia is the founder of the fast-food chain, Mang Inasal. Edgar Sia II - Forbes Current release: November 22, 2022 Latest Articles. Download Free PDF Download PDF Download Free PDF View PDF. Schopenhauer (English) by Whittaker, Thomas. ADVANCED SCIENCE LETTERSis a multidisciplinary peer-reviewed journal with a very wide-ranging coverage, consolidates fundamental and applied research activities by publishing proceedings from international scientific, technical and medical conferences in all areas of (1) Physical Sciences, (2) Engineering, (3) Biological Sciences/Health Sciences, (4) Medicine, (5) by Nadia Sophia Porcel Roldn. CentralHub (will) become a major recurring income contributor to DoubleDragon, said Sia, 44, DoubleDragon chairman. 2023 Forbes Media LLC. Gray, Henry. The first is the opening of its first supermarket on the Ground Floor of DoubleDragon Plaza, DD Meridian Park, Bay Area, Metro Manila, and the setting of MERRYMARTs 12-12-12 Vision 2030. The School System of Norway (English) by Anderson, David Allen. Coal in a Sustainable Society. Double Dragon Properties was listed in the PSE in 2014 at P2.00 per share with the stock symbol DD and it was 14x oversubscribed to based offer. They plan to grow the chain to 500 outlets by next year. The restaurant gained popularity for its tender and tasty barbecued chicken paired with unlimited servings of rice, a combination made more irresistible by its wallet-friendly price. Edmund Clarence Stedman, ed. At 26 years of age in 2003, he started from scratch the fast-food chain Mang Inasal and grew it from a humble branch in Iloilo City to 338 branches nationwide within the first seven years of operations. Looking for a job? He took DoubleDragon public in 2014. text-align: left; He went to the University of St. Agustin in nearby Iloilo City to study architecture but dropped out one year short of graduating. The homegrown fast food giant Jollibee Foods Corp. bought a 70% stake in the owner and operator of Mang Inasal for P3 billion in late 2010. It was with the family business that Sia developed the sixth sense for business. He also offered unlimited rice, becoming the first quick-service restaurant to do so. Expatica is the international communitys online home away from home. In this pilot issue of Executive Life, BusinessWorlds new monthly section about the lives of the luminaries of the Philippine business community, we get to know Mr. Sia better his motivations, passions, and aspirations. , Exploring the skillset for developing adaptive organizational learning capabilities of a successful start-up enterprise in management education, The impact of entrepreneurship education onentrepreneurial intentions and competencies ofstudents in Moldova, Social enterprise development in a disadvantaged community, Business model innovation for sustainable operations in professional football: How supporters gain more control of the Beautiful Game, Social perception and support An international sports event from the perspective of the residents of the host city, Comparative analyses of the educational methods in the leading business development masters programmes in Hungary, Institutions and integration (im)maturity: The case of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Job retention opportunities in a pandemic crisis based on the example of three countries in the Asia-Pacific region, The Confucian doctrine of the Mean, the optimality principle, and social harmony, Online only: Future outlooks of post-pandemic education based on student experiences of the virtual university, The long-term impact of public expenditures on GDP-growth. He also serves as a trustee of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Introduction to International Relations by Michael Cox. Terms PA Media. He stepped down as dean in 2002. Sia admits that they initially had no plans to expand to the grocery business, but recent experiences made them realize the need to expand. food restaurant chain. What is a Stock? He then took a bank loan to set up a small budget hotel. Phyllis Fang Savage, 06.22.11, 06:00 PM EDT Forbes Asia Magazine dated July 18, 2011 Edgar Sia's cash-out of his fast-food chain, Mang Inasal, makes him this year's youngest lister. Edgar "Injap" J. Sia II (born . background-color: #757575; th, td { This sustained strong economic performance goes against the accepted wisdom that even though the mining sector, like other extractive industries, can generate foreign exchange and fiscal . directory-list-lowercase-2.3-big.txt - Free ebook download as Text File (.txt), PDF File (.pdf) or read book online for free. Merrymart debuted in the PSE June 15, 2020 closed at P1.50 per share 50% higher than its initial offer price of P1.00 apiece and as of December 4, 2020 it was last traded at P6.00 a share 6x than the original offer price. Un libro un insieme di fogli, stampati oppure manoscritti, delle stesse dimensioni, rilegati insieme in un certo ordine e racchiusi da una copertina.. Il libro il veicolo pi diffuso del sapere. Jollibee operates more than 3,300 eateries in the Philippines and more . Hence, in December 12, 2003, he opened the first store of Mang Inasal. As one of the leading scholarly refereed journals in its field, Economy and Society aims to promote new debates and currents of social thought. He is the chairman of DoubleDragon Properties (a joint business venture with Tony Tan Caktiong), and the founder of the Mang Inasal fast food restaurant chain.. Other goals are to advance research for digital goods and services, the sharing economy, and free digital content. It seeks to provide a forum to explore the social sciences in the broadest interdisciplinary sense, and welcomes innovative articles from sociologists and anthropologists, political scientists . Stock Market 101 PDF Download, MerryMart wholesale club to begin by April, How to be a Stockbroker in the Philippines. Editorial Board / Advisory Board members: 50%. After which, he would prepare and marinate the chicken for the next day. } src="" alt="" class="gallery-slider__content__img" height="", data-src="/web/show-photo.jpg?id=15919&cache=false" Schopenhauer (English) by Beer, Margrieta. About A Contribution to the History of Educational Development in Great Britain (English) by Hazlitt, William Carew. Here's the full list. My parents as well opened their own grocery business way back in 1989 and have been operating successfully for 30 years and counting. The indirect channel of the semiconductor . In the ballroom of a five-star hotel packed with men in crisp barong tagalog and women in chic ternos, no one was the least bit surprised when . Please share with us your passions and how you find ways to do what you love to do. In 2011, Sia became the youngest billionaire in the Philippines at the age of 34 after selling his 70% stake in Mang Inasal to Jollibee. Moderator: Alberto Orioli, Vice Director "Il Sole 24 ore". edgar sia contribution to the society and economy. 9:40. ; A fire and explosions at a storage depot in Sitakunda, Bangladesh, kill at least 41 people and injure more than 450 others. The journal welcomes submissions of high-quality and multi-disciplinary articles that address social, demographic, political, economic and industrial trends and challenges. 21 when the Philippines Rich List was published in September 2020. The link was not copied. I normally sleep at 10 p.m. My day typically starts at 6 a.m. and generally begins with quiet reflections and planning. Within a year, Sia opened another branch in Roxas City. Properties, speaking during an interview in Manila in 2017. Digital Economy | U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) Any reader can search newspapers.com by registering. Awaiting approval of offer of up to 5,942,488,469 common shares with an over-allotment option of up to 594,248,847 common shares offer price of up to P2.25 per offer share. Edgar Sia III. RDE's Wireless GO II microphones are now even better thanks to a recent firmware update and the launch of the new RDE Capture video app. width: 10%; At 34, he was the youngest billionaire in the country. Edgar "Injap" Sia II | Tatler Asia - Generation T Edgar "Injap" Sia is the founder of the fast-food chain, Mang Inasal. Can you tell us something about your relationship with your father? width: 20%; Jollibee will boost capital spending by a fifth to. Carlton Finals Appearances Since 2000, [6], In 2014, DoubleDragon Properties became a public company. Injap Sia: 10 Little Known Facts About the Self-Made Billionaire. Environmentalimpactsof nitrogenemissionsinChina IX. Real Mathematical Analysis Pdf, It is this understanding and experience that has catapulted DoubleDragons community mall chain CityMall to be the apparent dominant leader in the Philippine community mall industry. With a net worth of $700 million, he was ranked No. Book Event Space. Soriano: Socorro Ramos: the pillar behind National Book Store The shocking but not surprising expulsion of two young Black men by the Tennessee State Legislature while their 60-year-old White colleague was spared ouster despite breaking house rules in the exact same way is a blatant display of racism, pure and simple.
Tuscan Style Wedding Venues California,
Apple Training Program For Employees,
23 Engineer Regiment Osnabruck,
Howard Bruce Obituary,
Incident In Outwood Today,
Articles E