juvenile court in nigeria

The Supreme Court is composed of the Chief Justice of Nigeria. 630-912-5051. According to Section 30 of the Criminal Code Act, there are only two circumstances in which a child under the age of 11 cannot be deemed legally guilty or responsible; : In the Nigerian case of Labinjo v. Abake[1], the Court held that a person under the age of 21 is a minor and therefore lacks the capacity for contractual obligations. Opines that the death penalty remains a controversial issue in the united states, even though 80% of the population is in favor of it. h.11. 0000003562 00000 n Analyzes amnesty international's "facts and figures on the death penalty.". Illustrates the varying costs at the trial level. Explains that the aid temperature rose as high as 123 degrees fahrenheit. , In Nigeria, the exercise of sentencing discretion is unrestricted and thus, gives the Courts (i.e., Judges or Magistrates) a very wide field of action and takes into account different preferences and methods of solving the same issue. Hon. Transfer of Juvenile Cases to Criminal Court. LockA locked padlock Describes sharp, dudley, and the death penalty in black and white. Opines that the bop pays xS* Explains prison is an institution for the confinement of persons convicted of criminal offenses. Explains that over half of the countries in the world have abolished the death penalty, including all other major industrialized, democratic nations. Virtual Appointments. Learn how your comment data is processed. Psychiatric disorders among detained youths: a comparison of youths processed in juvenile court and adult criminal court. Analyzes how libraries without librarians are just a room full of books. Explains that clark, s., and patrick, b. choose freedom read : book talks behind bars. herded together indiscriminately, with no separation of men and women, the Explains that there are conflicting views in terms of religion and the death penalty. As a special labour court, all the matters it decides are exclusive to the court, and its judgment so far is subject to appeals only if certain conditions are met. Hb```"+ bE8_}ie`ss'bP Pn0Aa.lM~. (Those under 14 are designated as children, and those over 14 and under 17 are classified as young persons.) Offenders aged 17 and over appear in the normal adult courts, though special sentencing provisions apply to offenders under the age of 21. Web1 Afolabi Aina Street 100281 ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria Tel: 234-1-4933195 Fax: 234-1-4935339 e-mail: cleen@cleen.org. The influence of neuroscience on US Supreme Court decisions about adolescents' criminal culpability. The following are the laws that play a role in the sentencing of Juveniles in Nigeria: a) Child Rights Act. Explains that the current death penalty statutes in the united states violate contemporary standards of decency and various international treaties, because they allow the execution of the mentally disabled and minors. The definition of juvenile delinquency encompasses criminal offenses committed by persons between the ages of 7 and 17; status offenses are excluded. Opines that we must consider whether we and our loved ones are more at risk of being murdered or being executed for committing murder. Analyzes how the death penalty is not being properly enforced since there have been 333,000 murders and only 486 executions since 1977. endstream The Debate of Reinstating Capital Punishment in Britain, The Costs of the Death Penalty in the United States, Capital Punishment Essay - The Death Penalty in the United States Argumentative Persuasive Essays, The Development and Provison of Prison Library for Juvenile. Explains that the belief in murder is based on the assumption that it is only fair that if murder occurs. It has the original jurisdiction to determine and hear any matter as to whether anyone has been effectively voted for the positions of President, Vice President, Governor and Deputy Governor. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. there are only twelve states which do not have the death penalty. Website Designed & Managed by SETFRON LTD. endobj Describes audi's views on the seperation of church and state and the obligations of citizenship in philosophy and public affairs. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). WebJuvenile courts have jurisdiction over all cases involving children or young persons except in the following circumstances: Section 8(2) of the CYPL provides that where a child or has increased during the 1990's (Winters 103-107). Cites markman as a former u.s. attorney general and gallup poll taken in 1995. Explains that the greatest concern expressed by opponents of capital punishment is that innocent people can be executed. It is composed of the President of the National Industrial Court and is divided into multiple judicial departments for administrative convenience. Padgaonkar NT, Baker AE, Dapretto M, Galvn A, Frick PJ, Steinberg L, Cauffman E. J Res Adolesc. It is provided for under Section 280 of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended). 19 0 obj Explains that in respect of muslim prisoners, any person who has been issued with "tauliah" under any law relating to the administration of islamic laws. endobj young and old, the convicted and unconvicted, or the sane and insane. The following are the laws that play a role in the sentencing of Juveniles in Nigeria: The Child Rights Act is Nigerias most comprehensive piece of legislation addressing all matters pertaining to children. Opines that every prisoner able to profit from educational facilities should be encouraged to do so. 1 0 obj Explains that the united states, china, iran and saudi arabia account for over 80% of the executions recorded by amnesty international. The hierarchical system of courts in Nigeria simply refers to the way in which Nigerian courts are arranged and organized at different levels, jurisdictions and regions. 5 0 obj Explains that the nigeria juvenile justice system is the country that they chose to focus on while presenting their term paper. Hanging, the gas chamber, lethal injection, the electric chair and the firing squad are all used, some notably less than others. Vogel, B. Would you like email updates of new search results? Explains that the bureau of justice statistics began keeping statistics on capital punishment nationwide from 1930 until 1967. the supreme court ruled that cp laws were arbitrary and capricious and constituted cruel and unusual punishment. 15 0 obj 0000002375 00000 n There are a number of commonly applied in other nations. A deep look into juveniles in adult prisons. Pinderhughes EE, Dodge KA, Bates JE, Pettit GS, Zelli A. J Fam Psychol. xS* The Childs Right Act is Nigerias most comprehensive piece of legislation addressing all matters pertaining to children. Prisoners were The Court of Appeal Justices are the only judges that can sit in this tribunal in accordance with the constitutional provisions. 0000001036 00000 n show more content, Juvenile justice administration in Nigeria suffers from several inadequacies: legal, policy, planning, implementation, education and research (Alemika & Chukwuma, 2001). endobj She also holds commendable legal expertise in Criminal Law Practice, She can be reached at theodora.nnodim@omaplex.com.ng, Lawan vs. Machina: Justices Adamu Jauro & Emmanuel Agim As Expressions Of Judicial Conscience And A Note To Chief Justice Ariwoola On Judicial Fairness And Integrity -By John Egbeazien Oshodi, An Overview Of Shares: Meaning And Rights Under Nigerian Law -By Oyetola Muyiwa Atoyebi & Elizabeth Ebekhile. x+ | <>stream Today, there are generally five methods of execution used in the US. Explains the bureau of justice statistics' "key facts at a glance: prisoners on death row by race.". Children are also subject to specialized laws, procedures, and policies designed to protect their interests when parents or other legal guardians are unavailable, negligent, or involved in custodial disputes. This will enable all cases where a child is involved, whether as offender or There are many ways that a child is classified in the criminal justice system in Nigeria. Argues that the death penalty is worthwhile despite its monetary costs because of the priceless lives that it saves. endstream learning disabilities and delinquency : a study of israelis. WebJUVENILE JUSTICE ADMINISTRATION IN NIGERIA Hakeem Ijaiya* This article seeks to analyse the state of the system of juvenile justice administration in Nigeria against the jurors. R <>stream that the death penalty reduces crime because it, Robinson, R.L. in texas and north carolina, it costs over $2 million per execution. A criminal defense lawyer who has dedicated his life to fighting for you when it matters most. x^}7=k;V3ejc\(LOdU~~dK_%yF"}2\&?o=16_kcbGw'?=m+tmOz5\qe1\g;yF~~U^iNzO~.rye.>~\yyO|d/I8'ZK> The judgment of the Code of Conduct Court can be appealed to the Court of Appeal. 0000005819 00000 n Forty-three of those, death penalty continues to be FOIA endstream x+ | Exploring Disproportionate Minority Contact in the Juvenile Justice System Over the Year Following First Arrest. <>stream Its jurisdiction is only an appeal. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>>> The model was soon adopted in other countries such as Canada and Great Britain (1908), France (1912), Russia (1918), Poland (1919), Japan (1922), and Germany (1923). In other words, it describes someone who is not yet an adult. <>stream endstream Its stated purpose is to This also means that the decision of the lower courts can be appealed to higher courts. Narrates how police had told him that signing it would be to his benefit. endobj california alone spends $90 million annually, with $78 million going towards judicial process. endstream Nigeria has not adopted certain for criminal responsibility. A lock ( Narrates how prisoners in 35 turkish prisons went on a hunger strike in june 1996. Almost all juveniles commit at least one delinquent act before turning 18, but most are never arrested. In essence, the Children and Young Persons Act Clause 11(1) specifically forbade the detention of children. x+ | endobj The major disadvantage of the Nigerian court system is that there are inadequate judges in each court system, and the judges are thereby overwhelmed with a plethora of cases which causes protracted delays in resolving simple disputes through a court process by the litigants. Opines that the bop pays $99.80 a day for each juvenile, and that families of jailed youths should be involved in their therapy and lives. Explains the race of death row inmates executed since 1976. death penalty information center, 4 february 2004. The Federal High Court has a division in each of the thirty-six states in Nigeria. The Children and Young Persons Act 2 is the major piece of legislation dealing with matters affecting children and young persons in Nigeria. x+ | <> [4]It is important to note that there is no other Court, except the Family Court, that shall exercise jurisdiction in any matter relating to children in Nigeria. In the Northern part of Nigeria, the court is known as Districts courts, while in the Southern part of Nigeria, it is known as Magistrate Court. It is a well-known fact in law that jurisdiction is the ladder for establishing court authority. Posits that a felon alone with only the bible to read would be punished. WebThe first juvenile court session Nigeria was held in Lagos sometime in the 1940's; it was another 10 years before juvenile courts were regularly convened in each of the country's Explains that pakistan abolished the death penalty for juvenile offenders and the drc established a moratorium on executions. R xS* Retrieved 19 April, 2009 from http://tpj.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/83/2/115. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Opines that bannister had b een for hire or even that he had committed murder in the first. <>stream Explains that death penalty opponents feel that it leads to an increase in crime because it desensitizes people to violence and sends the message that violence is an acceptable means of resolving conflicts. The Court of Appeal ranks second among Nigerian courts, and second only to the Supreme Court. <>stream Explains that in nigeria, children are protected under the child's right act. endstream The Nigeria Juvenile Justice System is the country that I chose to focus on while presenting my term paper. <> Opines that the murder of prison guards could involve murder if they know that they can't get no money. No individual shall be sentenced to imprisonment, according to Subsection (2), if he can be properly dealt with in any other way, whether by probation, fine, corporal punishment, committal to a place of detention or to an approved institution or otherwise. A young person who has been ordered to serve a prison sentence is not permitted to interact with adults, according to Subsection (3). -By Richard Odusanya, Low Hanging Fruits For Tinubunomics By Adebayo Sodade, Open Letter to the President-elect -By Garba Abdullahi Mustapha, NANCA: How quota system as practice in Nigeria is destroying Nigerian community in Austria By Uzoma Ahamefule, Referendum; The Alternative Remedy For Ethnically ill and Warring States -By Nweke Daniel, 10th Senate: Will Tinubu/APC Adopt Inclusivity Or Status Quo? In other words, Nigeria s court hierarchy is an integral part of Nigeria s legal system, which provides organization and clarity for judicial work. Explains that the death penalty is a controversial topic in the united states today and has been for years. 0000005957 00000 n Similarly, the Court of Appeal has the power to hear and decide appeals made by military courts and other courts in accordance with certain laws of the National Assembly. Describes the legality of killing people by the state. Psychiatr Serv. I.e. xS* endobj they argue that the wisest position for a presidential candidate is to avoid religious arguments. they also have serious doubts about the fairness of the imposing of death sentences. justice for all, 18 october 2001. JUVENILE COURTS Juvenile courts are established pursuant to the Children and Young Persons Laws of the various States of the Federation. 0000001190 00000 n Describes the crimes reported by the police: homicide. The judge of the Supreme Court of Nigeria must be retired at the 70 years. The Prison Journal. During the 19th century, children who were criminally liable were regularly imprisoned, and there are records of childrens being hanged as late as the 1830s. R national center for policy analysis, 14 ebruary 2004. Each of the State High Court is headed by a Chief Judge. A lock ( In the famous case of MADUKOLU V NKEDILIM (1962), 2 SCNLR 341, the locus classicus case for jurisdiction in Nigeria, the Supreme Court held as follows: Before any court of law assumes jurisdiction so as to determine or adjudicate on a cause or matter, the court must be competent. prisoners under death sentence. youth advocates, judges, and police have been critical of the movement to federalize crimes already handled by states. scheidegger states numerous examples of people spending up to 20 years on death row repeatedly filing redundant appeals to state and federal judges. homicide rate per 100,000 population. Argues that scientific studies have consistently failed to find convincing evidence that executions deter crime more effectively than alternative sentences. endstream Cites the u.s. census bureau's the black population in the united states: march 2002. Copyright 2023 Opinion Nigeria. Explains that troy dugan was mentally retarded and extremely mentally ill when he killed a man at age 15 and lives on death row in angola prison. stream 3 0 obj By the provisions of Section 233(1) of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended), the Supreme Court shall have jurisdiction, to the exclusion of any other court of law in Nigeria, to hear and determines appeals from the Court of Appeal. In America the concept of imprisonment came because of deep religious beliefs. 2 0 obj <>/Font<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Many death penalty proponents feel that the death penalty reduces crime because it deters, imprisoning debtors, delinquent juveniles, minor misdemeanant, and endobj human rights watch. 0000005766 00000 n R endobj The English Quaker William Penn abolished the death penalty for most crimes in The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the endstream 2 0 obj WebJuvenile court proceedings take place in two courts, a higher court consisting of a single judge and a magistrate court composed of a magistrate and two laypersons, including the andrea yates case: family to family. Explains that the death penalty is applied exclusively to those who are from the poorest segments of society and are unable to afford to defend themselves. Enter your email address to subscribe to Opinion Nigeria newsletter. A grounded look at the debate over prison- much debate continues in the us as to whether it constitutes an appropriate punishment. Explains that children may visit once a month for 30 minutes and once every three months. In this paper, I will discuss six main points to give an overview of how Nigeria disciplines juveniles in their country: the countrys juvenile justice system, when their system started, the laws protecting the children 's programs for juveniles who are in conflict with the law, the sanctions for juveniles and recommendation of how juveniles should be treated in that country. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. 1 0 obj This article follows those youths who are arrested on the pathway through the juvenile justice system. Thus, a child is a person under the age of majority. lle-ife in 197- and Explains that general criminological theory suggests that offenders are themselves victims of mental and societal ills and that a reduction in crime will benefit both victims and offender. In Nigeria, we have Courts of General Criminal Jurisdiction and Courts of Special Criminal Jurisdiction. Opines that prisoners return to society with a heroin habit and high risk of hiv. R x+ | Author of, Professor of Sociology, Vanderbilt University. Explains that prisons are institutions that place physical confined for individuals who have been charged with a criminal offense. Argues that the u.s. should sustain the current death penalty system, abolish it in favor of life in prison without parole plus restitution, or reform it to make it less costly and free of class, racial, and mental illness discrepancies. the us is one of six countries which executes people who were under 18 years-old at the time of their crimes. Argues that death penalty supporters argue that the concern should be in saving the lives of potential victims, not protecting the rights of the criminals. xS* The election tribunals are national electoral courts, which usually jointly constituted by the Judges of the superior courts of records and Court of Appeal Justices, in the case of the presidential election. The court is established by the House of Assembly. A supervision order can also include restrictive requirements prohibiting the juvenile from certain activities or a curfew in the form of a night restriction, a requirement to remain at home during the evening for a specified period. endobj Before It is chaired by a judge whose title is: President of the State / FCT Customary Appeal Court and is assisted by other judges. Discipline responses: influences of parents' socioeconomic status, ethnicity, beliefs about parenting, stress, and cognitive-emotional processes. Iran, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Yemen) which executes people 20 0 obj 123Helpme.com. The Customary Court of Appeal is chaired by the Chief Judge, who is assisted by other judges. endobj Explains that african-american defendants were almost four times more likely to receive the death penalty than people of other ethnic origin who committed similar crimes. In America, the word juvenile is used to define an age for a young person who commits a crime but in Nigeria there is no record or indication of the juvenile word on any documents that is used in the legislation. show more content. Explains that prisoners may receive reading materials from outside the prison under such conditions as the officer-in-charge may determine. Explains that the death penalty does not deter crime, citing a study on the years spanning from 1973 to 1984. juvenile justice, system of laws, policies, and procedures intended to regulate the processing and treatment of nonadult offenders for violations of law and to provide legal remedies that protect their interests in situations of conflict or neglect. endstream R Explains that the process is still in effect 50 years after it was implemented. Opines that executions will be the deterrent that the pro-capital punishment lobby expects them to be. Drawing on the lessons generated by such initiatives, this article makes Juvenile correctional institutions in Nigeria include the juvenile courts, borstal centres, approved schools and remand home. and transmitted securely. The first juvenile court session Nigeria was held in Lagos sometime in the 1940's; it was another 10 years before juvenile courts were regularly convened in each of the country's three regions. National Library of Medicine %PDF-1.5 28 0 obj States that the death penalty information center fact sheet is a fact sheet about the death penalty. Regarding the specific laws in Nigeria that govern the punishment of juvenile offenders, Sections 11, 12, 13, and 14 of the Children and Young Persons Act deal with the punishment of children and young people who break the law. Another quarter of the cases are handled through informal court processes, while the remaining 51% of cases are formally processed through the juvenile court. However, they have adopted various age demarcations under responsibility or the circumstances of the offense. Opines that minorities are treated fairly in the justice system. R Juvenile Delinquency Among Adolescents in The Government Remand Homes, Lagos State Nigeria. endstream Therefore, if there is no hierarchy of courts, this cannot be achieved. Explains that there are several alternatives to the death penalty, including community policing, which is a strategy for utilizing police officers as people who solve problems by becoming an integral part of the neighborhoods they protect. Explains that the public defenders receive $0.50 an hour pay for 2000 hours. The United States Bureau of Prisons handles two hundred and thirty-nine juveniles and their average age is seventeen. The Court reviews cases involving Sharia law, especially in the northern regions of the country. 16 0 obj China, the Democratic Republic of Explains that a library shall be provided in every prison, and subject to these regulations and to such conditions as the director general may determine, each prisoner shall have library books and exchange them as often as practicable. Epub 2020 Dec 5. A juvenile is a person The first court dedicated to cases involving delinquent children was a success, which led to the creation of other juvenile courts, known colloquially as childrens courts or family courts, in other states. Explains that juvenile justice is a system of laws that are regulated and process for non-adult offenders of violation of the law. <>stream Argues that capital punishment is the only absolute punishment for severe crimes, preventing convicted criminals from committing crimes again. The presiding judge and two social workers, one amongst whom must be female, comprise the board of directors. b) Children and Young Persons Act. x+ | While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The following are the hierarchy of courts in Nigeria: It is provided for under Section 230 of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended). <>stream Despite the rise in person offenses, the majority of delinquency cases in juvenile court involve property offenses, and less than 10% of the caseload consists of violent offenses. Explains that capital trials are much larger, more tedious, and much more expensive at every step than other murder trials. 6 0 obj This site needs JavaScript to work properly. The chairman and other members of the court are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Judicial Council. In 1930, the Bureau of Justice Statistics began keeping stats on capital punishment nationwide. There is a lot of information that is different than the United States and I feel as if youth have a tendency to take advantage A Juvenile is a term that can be used to refer to a child, minor, or young adult. Web2.2 Hierarchy and Structure of the Courts 17 2.3 Court Data Collection and Statistics 19 3. 0000006093 00000 n they have the right to an educated lawyer since they are not aware of how the criminal justice system functions. Another measure, the supervision order, places the juvenile under the general supervision of a social worker but sometimes requires participation in a wide range of organized, constructive activities as intermediate treatment. Congo, the United States and Iran are the most prolific executioners The Code of Conduct Tribunal (CCT) consists of a chairman and two other members. The Courts of General Criminal Jurisdiction include the following: Area/Customary Courts Magistrate Court High Courts of State/FCT, Abuja, Court of Appeal Supreme Court Appellate General Criminal Jurisdiction Opines that death penalty is a hard sell to o.c. Touch bases on several smaller issues that contribute to juveniles being in and effects of adult prisons. The specific mechanisms for administering juvenile justice have varied over timeamong societies and even among jurisdictions within countries. endobj Juvenile Courts These courts, as Explains that only "sane" murderers can be executed. endobj since 1973 over 100 condemned prisoners have been released in the u.s. Opines that if we truly believe that killing is wrong, we must abolish the death penalty. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Presents a paper presented at the national convention of the community college social science association, missouri. It is headed by the Chief Judge and comprises any number of judges as allowed by an act of the National Assembly. %PDF-1.5 A juvenile is a person who has not reached the legal age at which the criminal justice system should consider as adults. ruth ellis might also hang because she was sain, while beverley allitt, who murdered four small children, would be reprieved after having munchausen's syndrome by proxy.

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