Prosodic features of stress, length of General Manager at Sweetbites Manufacturing. different linguistics contexts. organized in units (tone Quotations ), paragraphing, spacing, foregrounding of structures and so on. The detailed analysis will lead to more accurate understandings of the language in order to let the readers better understand this variety. At different instances, most attempts at studying this author are based on journal articles, the example of Rome Abohs Proverbs and Euphemisms as Discourse Strategies in Joe Ushie's Poetry. The data comprises extracts of speech isolated for analysis at the level of phonology and graphology. I think that referring to octaves and sextets , graphological deviation should be written using inverted commas. language features to reveal the deeper meaning of the poem. Furthermore, he believes that the nonlinguistic context is a much more complex notion since it may include any number of text external features influencing the language and style of a text. The stylistic analysis of Robert Brownings poem Patriot into Traitor is done by using graphological, phonological, with the description of formal features of a text and their functional importance. are not directly referable to any observable linguistic features of texts, and one of the long-term aims of stylistics must be to see how far such descriptions can be justified in terms of descriptions of a more linguistic kind. The origin of style is traceable to the Latin word stilus, meaning a pointed instrument used for writing. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. 6.1 Scope and Limitation of the Study environment created by the poet in a To every other person, whose names escaped my linguistic description on this space, I am grateful equally, for the character you played towards the success of this academic research. Accordingly, Levenston (1992) criticizes the lack of critical approaches to the study of graphology and proposes four major schemes within the graphic representation of language. According to the definition provided above by Isidore (2010), the literary stylistics can take the form of external evidence and the linguistics study can take the form of internal evidence. 9 is given the fact that stylistics relies on tangible linguistic evidence to unfold the writers 10 meaning or the communicative purposes of an author. 3.3 Sample and Sampling Techniques According to Carter and Stockwell (2008), pedagogical stylistics developed in the 1970s and became very practical as one way of evading the attacks leveled at stylistics. As a result of this, Levenston (1992) further solicits more attention for graphological elements and though his book is of less theoretical density (Eva, 2015), it became vital since it appeared the only comprehensive approach to the role of graphology in literature. group which carries contrasts of 3.1 Purpose of the Study The use of punctuation marks can equally create stylistic effects. These levels include: syntax, semantics, lexis, phonology, graphology and others; in order to achieve the objectives of this study, this essay investigated the deployment of graphology as a device of meaning and aesthetics. GRAPHOLOGY It is the study of hand writing. All these devices have stylistic effects. the analysis of context, social and Different schools of thought worked in explaining and understanding this term, which put a large number of definitions which some of them appear to be overlapping while others seem to be contradictory. As a literary critical term, style denotes a characteristic use of language. In analyzing a text, the business of a stylistician is to look at many features of the text. For a systematic analysis, these linguistic features are clustered into phonological, graphological, lexical, grammatical and semantic levels of analysis. Buy and Sell Modern House Plans at Muthurwa.com, Your email address will not be published. Graphological Features The physical appearance of a literary text. Stylistics has also moved from what Simpson (2004, pp. Literary work is the field par excellence of stylistics. The phonological style of the author comprises four sound features: alliteration, assonance, consonance and rhyme. analyses: graphological, lexical and syntactic with the semantic implication of each level highlighted. (4) Pedagogy: The activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill. intonation and their relation to rhythm. The stylistic features, they go on to discuss, are not exclusive to one genre but are techniques that can be applied equally to non-literary texts. with the description of formal features of a text and their functional importance. Based on the statement of the problem stated above, the research examines the following questions in order to achieve the purpose of this study: 1) What are the patterns of graphology found in Ushies poetry? (Province), What social relationship exists between the users (status), Is there a specific format that is being used (Modality), Was the user deliberately manipulating certain features in the language use (Similarity). meaning, ideas, focuses and The second problem formulation is answered by linking up the finding in language features to get the meaning of the poems. While Anagbogu et al (2010:33) define stylistics as the application of the knowledge of linguistics to literary appreciation, Leech (2008:1) defines it as the linguistic study of literary texts. The Device of Graphology in Joe Ushies Poetry. Stylistic and @lomlfoml If you look at the poem - visually look at it - you can directly. Related literatures like (Isidore, 2010, Chatman, 1967, Van Peer, 1980 etc) have revealed the fact that researchers attempt to explore at a stretch, all these levels of analysis in a text, thereby heralding some deficiencies in the individual linguistic levels. phonological devices are alliteration, The study adopted foregrounding as a. The stylistician may rely on his intuition and interpretative skills just as the literary critic, but the former tries to keep at bay, vague and impressionistic judgment Isidore, (2010:35). Eg. This approach lays emphasis on the description of the formal pattern in a text using a linguistic basis. What do you call the "narrator" of lyric poem? (Eva, 2015) observes that the very first problem when dealing with graphology is its unclear meaning. Introduction A detailed explanation of the model is provided afterwards. The present model is occasioned by the need to accommodate the invading trends of graphology and to stand in the gap created by Levenstons and Lennards. judged by the reader through the Stylistics as a branch of literary criticism emerged in continental Europe in the early twentieth century. This paper is an attempt to shed light on linguistic deviation in literary style. Significantly, by the establishment of a modified model of categorization of Graphological devices, this research will improve the teaching and learning of graphology as a device of literary composition by way of assisting learners to develop linguistic abilities necessary for them to read, understand and respond to literary and non-literary works sensitively. (7) Stylistics: Stylistics is an independent genre of linguistics that studies the styles and peculiarities of a written or spoken text. Again, students whose interests are narrowed into the field of literary stylistics need an articulated and current work in the field to update their knowledge. Which reverse polarity protection is better and why? Albeit literary stylistics occasionally may involve the rudimentary analysis of the structure and form of a literary text, it however readily employs the use of literary categories in the analysis of the text. Phonological and Graphological level - SlideShare For others the former would only be appropriate for advanced learners. Ogunsiji & Farinde (2013) observe this level as that of word choice. What then is the difference? Keywords: Stylistic analysis, graphological, phonological, morphological, lexico-syntactic patterns 1. 2.2 Background of the Author The data comprises extracts of speech isolated for analysis at the level of phonology and graphology. A Contrastive Analysis of Urdu and English deixis. (3) Graphology: Graphology is a linguistic level of text analysis that focuses on language in print. "y>: jl/ Stylistics are used to determines the form of language as being used and the effects of that particular variety used, Stylistics also helps us to understand that language has several varieties which are distinctive to each other. A lexical study of style involves the identification of the constituents/features of a word in a sentence. Doing Stylistics: An Analysis of '(listen)' by E. E. Cummings 1. to answer by embarking on stylistic analysis of the graphetic and graphological, the lexical, syntactic and semantic features of selected 2011 campaign posters in Yola Metropolis of Adamawa state. advertisement, examining graphological, lexical, syntactic, grammatical and semantic style markers. However, this shift in focus gave rise to stylistics being a linguistic field of its own away from the former literary criticism. -Word classes or parts of speech stream 3 5 I. GRAMMATICAL LEVEL This is why it is often regarded as a prostitute according to (Jeffries and McIntyre, 2010). This non-linguistic meaning is further complicated by the uneven treatment that graphology has received from previous researchers. Toolan (1998) defines it as the study of the language in literature. interpretation of a simple discourse and 2.1.6.1 Lexical Level Contact us for publishing. Here, the syntactic functions of different parts of speech will be analysed. Graphological Level, Lexical Level, Grammatical Level, Semantic Level / Discourse Level, Pragmatic Level. McIntoshs definition caught on and developed in the sixties and served in its attempt to integrate more levels than the traditional ones when analyzing written texts. This move however, has given rise to many other linguists like Vachek (1973) Sampson (1985), Coulmas (1991, 1999), Harris (1995) and Eva (2015) who also have researched about the concept of graphology with focus on the properties of alphabets and their historical evolution. Through stylistics we learn to explain why people use language the way they do in different situations e.g news reporting. PDF Stylistics Analysis in Advertising Discourse: A Case of the Dangote This 11 paper however, examined objectivity in Maya Angelous Still I Rise. Leech (1969:39) notes that graphology transcends orthography as it refers to the whole writing system. Syntactic functions such as nouns (as subjects, objects, appositives, tenses etc. In connection with the latter conception, stylistics critics have criticized the procedure of some linguistic stylisticians who pride themselves in the elaboration of form in textual analysis at the expense of the message and values (content) of the text. Stylistics studies and describes the formal features of the text, that is, the levels of expression vis--vis the content, thus bringing out their functional significance for the interpretation of the work. In this sense, the Oxford English Dictionary (2013) elaborately defines the linguistic side of graphology as the study of written and printed symbols and of writing systems. Cataphora: refers to an expression or subject which is semantic and graphological features includ - ing clefting, sentence and paragraph length and punctuation, vocabulary choice, and use of italics (see Section 3). Their researches are a positive response and reaction to one of the controversial questions in relation to this level of linguistic analysis: what are the different levels and sub-levels to be included under the term graphology. It describes patterns of writing that distinguish the writer's style, for example capitalization, punctuation, spacing and so on. The pragmatic meaning of a text can be recovered through the context that produces the text. The result reveals the use of phono-graphological features to indicate contrastive stress and focus information. In analyzing a text, the business of a stylistician is to look at many features of the text. In its own analysis, it intermittently works on the text, but occasionally wanders off and brings in extra-linguistic, extra-textual material (may be from philosophy, psychology, biography, social history, etc.) stops, question marks etc. I extend my gratitude to the authors whose literatures, I reviewed and referenced at the same time. (PDF) Graphology as a Linguistic Level of Analysis: Definition items and use of words in a piece of speech, clauses and phrases used in writing. However, the word style in its most general sense of a way of doing things is used in multiple contexts. There are different linguistic levels of analyzing a literary or non-literary text. has its own units, in English we (2015:128) study by mentioning five levels in stylistics such as phonetic level, phonological level, graphological level, grammatical level, and lexical level. graphological level, lexico-syntactic level, morphological level, phonological level, stylistics . 2.1.1 The Concept of Style: Historical Perspectives [] Graphology can also refer to the writing system of a language, as manifested in handwriting and typography; and to the other related features [] e.g. The principal aim of the paper of the paper is to identify and analyse linguistic features used in the play. He notes that quotation marks are used to demarcate direct utterances; commas separate sentential elements for a short pause, semi-colon are also used to pause but longer than that of comma, question marks ends a question for emphasis sake and so on.
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