The Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire Clinicians can use 16PF results to identify effective strategies for establishing a working alliance, to develop a therapeutic plan, and to select effective therapeutic interventions or modes of treatment. We can group the Primary Scales in clusters of the following secondary traits, known as Global Scales: The 16PF assessment provides scores of the aforementioned traits, adding up to an overview of the personality profile of an individual. In addition, the Global Scales represent the core traits, which, in fact, are also available in the Big Five model with a few variations. A person who can keep it under control has a realistic idea that shows his strengths and weaknesses. Complete coverage of the widely used 16PF measure of personality Essentials of 16PF Assessment is a valuable guide to administering, scoring, and interpreting this popular measure of normal personality. (1982). The sten scale has a mean of 5.5 and a standard deviation of 2, with scores below 4 considered low and scores above 7 considered high. '16pf fifth edition: Clinical assessment'. Y:E \2%^&8dh=._wtbWs1c$:}$$KVo[nlP(v,/u}Z(yVgHhNe[^;%RWue^+io>Ema47:bYvN (C>\%> GqcS05'!9w c*`9^g}gX 37 QeN8 SZ|VGL0nlk* zf~`$/qrn|c|Lvt][|+HA Practical, step-by-step guide to using the 16PF effectively. Therefore, a person must be emotionally well balanced to deal with such ups and downs. Conversely, lower scores may be expected on Vigilance, Tension, Apprehension, Self-Reliance and Abstractedness. This statement has become known as the Lexical Hypothesis, which posits that if there is a word for a trait, it must be a real trait. Assists with clinical diagnosis, prognosis and therapy planning. How does it affect company culture, employee retention and growth? Sten Scale (Standard Ten): In G.J. 2 Personality Measurement and Testing. In a company, a person from a level interacts with others either directly or indirectly. Its results can be applied to many situations because it provides a full picture of the individual by measuring personality both broadly and deeply. For example, as seen in the table below, in Cattell's model the primary personality trait of Dominance (Factor E) is strongly located in the Independence/Accommodation global factor which represents a quality of fearless, original thinking and forceful, independent actions. The 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PFQ) was conceived in the 1940s by psychometricians Cattell, Eber, and Tatsuoka. Their goal was to systematically measure the widest possible range of personality concepts, in a belief that "all aspects of human personality which are or have been of importance, interest, or utility have already become recorded in the substance of language" (Cattell, R. B., 1943, p. One person might achieve an 80% on Extraversion by being high on Social Boldness (Factor H: confident, bold, talkative, adventurous, fearless attention-seeking) and on Liveliness (Factor F: high-energy, enthusiastic, fun-loving, impulsive), but Reserved (low on Factor A: detached, cool, unfeeling, objective). [28] Scores on the 16PF are presented on a 10-point scale, or standard-ten scale. Apprehension is the fear of the future and use of coping mechanisms (e.g. Kaplan, R. M., & Saccuzzo, D. P. (2013). Essentials of 16PF Assessment provides comprehensive coverage of test administration, scoring, and interpretation. Locate the raw score for Factor A in the 'A' column of the body of the norm table and read off the corresponding sten score above it. area of Risk-Taking, with a composite scale score plus scores on the individual scales of Thrill-Seeking and Threat Immunity. Because bipolar scales are designated with "high" or "low" for each factor, a high score should not be considered to reflect a positive personality characteristic and a low score should not be considered to reflect a negative personality characteristic. Also, it measures the ability of a person to think beyond the concrete and factual. Cattell called these global factors. Know the Signs and Benefits. Guide: 16PF - A Behavior-Based Approach to Traits The 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire ( 16PFQ) was conceived in the 1940s by psychometricians Cattell, Eber, and Tatsuoka. These totals have been created in a way to correlate to the sten scale. 0 Based on the lexical and factor analysis studies, the test comes in a multiple-choice questionnaire and assesses 16 primary factors of the personality, in terms of adjustment, and emotional stability. And also how he or she manages issues and unfavourable conditions. [Content_Types].xml ( [o0';D~"vx9eV"@q,^B/s5%[P The study among 46 subjects of attempted suicide using Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) showed 37% having apprehensive personality traits, 34.8% having low intelligent traits, 30.4% having tough minded traits, 30.4% having been affected by feelings, 26.1% had experimenting traits ( Pradhan et al., 2013 ). Openness to change describes the willingness to accept new viewpoints, changes in plan, and the general lifestyle of keeping options open. Test Interpretation of 16PF Test. The ability to control anxiety is essential for understanding a persons ability to take care of difficult situations. The 16PF provides scores on 16 primary personality scales and five global personality scales, all of which are bi-polar (both ends of each scale have a distinct, meaningful definition). H Block, 15th Street, Annanagar, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. Cattell, R. B., Eber, H. W., & Tatsuoka, M. M. (1970). (Eds.). Do likewise for the other factors. Couples Counseling Report: Easy-to-understand narrative to share with the couple that presents information about their relationship history and their current level of satisfaction. [63] It later became a subsidiary of Performance Assessment Network (PAN)[64] which in 2017 was acquired by PSI.[65]. [34] The Big Five (BF) trait of Openness seems to be related to 16PF Openness/Tough-mindedness, The BF trait of Conscientiousness to the 16PF Self-Control, the BF Extraversion to the 16PF Extraversion, the BF Agreeableness/Dis-Agreeableness to the 16PF Independence/Accommodation, and the BF Neuroticism to the 16PF Anxiety. "Factor analysis." Champaign, IL: Institute for Personality and Ability Testing. In 1936 Gordon Allport and H.S. 52 0 obj <> endobj Vigilance: vigilant, suspicious, skeptical, oppositional versus trusting, accepting, unconditional, easy, M. [5][6][7] These higher-level factors emerged from factor-analyzing the 16 x 16 intercorrelation matrix for the sixteen primary factors themselves. Please visit our International Contacts Page to find where you can order from. When Cattell moved from the physical sciences into the field of psychology in the 1920s, he described his disappointment about finding that it consisted largely of a wide array of abstract, unrelated theories and concepts that had little or no scientific bases. The test instructions are simple and straightforward and the test is un-timed; thus, the test is generally self-administrable and can be used in either an individual or a group setting. Unlocking Your Team's Potential: How Personality Assessments - LinkedIn JAMES M. SCHUERGER, PhD, is Professor Emeritus at Cleveland State University. The model defines the five broad categories of a persons feature. Starting with the Allport and Odbert list of adjectives of the English language, Cattell and his team managed to narrow them down to a taxonomy of 16 observable and factor-analyzed dimensions that offer an all-embracing description of an individuals character. It gives answer to a persons nature. Compare with the Hierarchical Structure of the Big Five. The Role of the Motivational Distortion Scale in the 16PF. These Global Factors, which help to show the degree of relationships among the 16 primary scales, are: Extraversion Anxiety Tough-Mindedness Independence Self-Control (2015). Therefore, the test helps uncover traits that shape the unique personality of each individual. a bi-polar Impression Management (IM) scale. They studied personality data from different sources (e.g. Primary goals for the 16PFQ self-assessment are to: [The 16PFs goal is to] provide a thorough, research-based map of normal personality.. [17], Cattell also constructed (T-data) tests of cognitive abilities such as the Comprehensive Ability Battery (CAB) a multidimensional measure of 20 primary cognitive abilities,[18] as well as measures of non-verbal visuo-spatial abilities, such as the three scales of the Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT),[19] In addition, Cattell and his colleagues constructed objective (T-data) measures of dynamic motivational traits including the Motivation Analysis Test (MAT),[20] the School Motivation Analysis Test (SMAT),[21] as well as the Children's Motivation Analysis Test (CMAT). Thus, the 16PF instrument provides clinicians with a normal-range measurement of anxiety, adjustment, emotional stability and behavioral problems. Thus, the two levels of personality are essentially inter-connected and inter-related. The 16PF can also provide information relevant to the clinical and counseling process, such as an individual's capacity for insight, self-esteem, cognitive style, internalization of standards, openness to change, capacity for empathy, level of interpersonal trust, quality of attachments, interpersonal needs, attitude toward authority, reaction toward dynamics of power, frustration tolerance, and coping style. B. Cattell also found a third-stratum of personality organization that comprised just two overarching factors. PDF 16PF Profile Report Sample - Pearson Assessments Emotional Stability: mature, adaptive, emotionally stable versus reactive, changeable, affected by emotions, E. Using the 16PF to Test the Differentiation of Personality by Intelligence Hypothesis. Various industries, companies, educational and medicinal institutes, etc. Although personality traits are thought to be correlated, using orthogonal factor analysis makes the factors easier to understand and to work on statistically in research. 76 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<3387C9D872D05940989E2CE46762250A>]/Index[52 33]/Info 51 0 R/Length 109/Prev 342721/Root 53 0 R/Size 85/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream The best psychologists in Chennai can help you do this test through simple processes. When in the process of hiring, highly researched and reliable personality assessment tools like the 16PF questionnaire offer clarity, precision and, overall, contribute to successful outcomes in hiring. Social Boldness: socially bold, venturesome, uninhibited versus shy, threat-sensitive, timid, hesitant, I. Identify personality factors that may predict marital compatibility and satisfaction. At the University of London, Cattell worked with Charles Spearman who was developing factor analysis to aid in his quest to discover the basic factors of human ability. 2017. [53] As the five factor theory gained traction and research on the 16 factors continued, subsequent analysis identified five factors underlying the 16 factors. fTEST-COMPLETION TIME: Untimed but examinees Provides information for general vocational guidance to help determine occupations for which the individual is best suited. Cattell and Alan D. Mead INTRODUCTION The Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) is a comprehensive measure of normal-range personality found to be effective in a variety of settings where an in-depth assess-ment of the whole person is needed. [12][13], Cattell and his co-workers also constructed downward extensions of the 16PF parallel personality questionnaires designed to measure corresponding trait constructs in younger age ranges, such as the High School Personality Questionnaire (HSPQ) now the Adolescent Personality Questionnaire (APQ) for ages 12 to 18 years,[14] the Children's Personality Questionnaire (CPQ),[15] the Early School Personality Questionnaire (ESPQ),[16] as well as the Preschool Personality Questionnaire (PSPQ). Cattell, H. B. You can make use of such analysis to assign the correct person the correct job. [47][48][49], In 1949 Cattell found that there were 4 additional factors, which he believed consisted of information that could only be provided through self-rating. In G. J. Boyle, G. Matthews, & D. H. Saklofske. Precise and rigid in his way of doing things and in personal standards Tend to be critical, obstructive, or hard. On the other hand, administrators can easily analyze the produced reports and use them for their pertinent purposes. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. As well, this informative resource provides expert assessment of the method's relative strengths and weaknesses, valuable advice on its clinical applications, and illuminating sample cases. Such a person can trust others and stays sincere towards their work. All rights reserved. A BRIEF ORIENTATION TO THE 16PF TEST The Sixteen Personality Factor Ques: tionnaire (16PF) is an objectively scorable test devised by basic research in psychol- 'ogy to give the most complete coverage of personality possible in a brief time. There are about a dozen computer-generated interpretive reports that can be used to help interpret the test for different purposes, for example: There are also many books that help with test interpretation, for example, The 16PF traits are also included in the Psychological Evaluation Questionnaire (PEQ), which combines measures of both normal and abnormal personality traits into one test (Cattell, Cattell, Cattell, Russell, & Bedwell, 2003)[30]. 1. Besides, it is supported by more than 60 published studies; and, over the years, the original study has been refined and updated. Retrieved December 8, 2013 from, Cattell, R. B. . Today, more than ever, skillful HR professionals have the right tools, ready at hand, to bring about positive changes in the lives of people; and the growth of businesses alike. What is the relationship between personality traits and safety behavior in the workplace? Predicting the Sixteen Personality Factors (16PF) of an individual by analyzing facial features. . U ^s1xRpbD#rYNrJC.aeD=U]Sik@X6G[:b4(uH%-+0A?t>vT9. These traits have remained the same over the last 50 years of research. The questionnaire has also been validated in a range of international cultures over time[dubious discuss]. endstream endobj 40 0 obj <>stream https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849200479.n7. Personality and Sleep Chronotypes: The Bear, Wolf, Lion, Dolphin, Guide: 4 Main Types of Psychometric Data (B, I, S, L), https://doi.org/10.1186/s13640-017-0211-4, https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence8010012, More inclined to go with hunches or gut instinct, Needs evidence, facts, and statistics to consider a point, Breaks rules when perceived as senseless or illogical, Prefers dealing with sensory details; what is tangible and measurable, Deals best with symbolism, ideas, and constructs, Feels anxiety when making critical life decisions, Independent and comfortable with being solo, Physiological symptoms: headaches, sweat, shaky hands, Use primary and secondary stratum-level traits to effectively pinpoint root behaviors in the 16PFQ, Devise a mathematical behavioral specification and prediction equation. rationalization, projection) to calm uneasy feelings. They help do all the works and also plans them. You can use this test to get an insight into a persons nature and also various decision-making. A business every day goes through several highs and lows. Personality research author Schuerger stated that: Cattell's goal in creating the 16PF Questionnaire was to provide a thorough, research-based map of normal personality.[41]. As well, this informative resource provides expert assessment of the. 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A characteristic of the 16PF items is that, rather than asking respondents to self-assess their personality as some instruments do (e.g., "I am a warm and friendly person; I am not a worrier; I am an even tempered person. It resulted from the natural affinity of five primary traits that defined different reasons for an individual to move toward versus away from other people (see below). Bonus: For the extra curious, here are the means and standard deviation for the 16PF 5th edition. Ht0E|E/*b.ba8bAmQO_5tQ{nk_LxI9>%c{[0g%83fI6p\U|RH6'2% 0R!0#0A@2H6^0$tVp4Os6uCXUS\*0gUO^'h]adj%?ODE&jT0szfl-5z1r>9\/m.06F_+Wlv+(AvIq!TFK~kU|svN ue@ 2K>:F-Xpyqp^t$v;fM\ow;E?uS^d}a/qy%JV?g)_K_rPWMv u L)_m['J4 The 16 PF test report speaks a lot on the nature of such a person. hb```f`` PDF 16PF Psychological Evaluation Report QVW4ZW)&^UJaQUk{u^V7^cGj-btr!zW}e. "Psychological testing: Principles, applications, and issues" (8th ed.). Analytic study and revisions of the factors (19492011). 16PF Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire 5th Ed - Pearson Assessments As for the interpretation stage, there are many reports also available online that offer useful insights into efficiently interpreting results. [45] He believed that in order to adequately map out personality, one had to utilize L-Data (life records or observation), Q data (information from questionnaires), and T-data (information from objective tests). (1985). The 16PF personality test allows recruiters to efficiently discover core behaviors in candidates that are key to perform well in specific roles within a company; not to mention, smoothly blend in the company culture. A score above the 95th percentile may indicate that the examinee had trouble reading or comprehending the questions, responded randomly, experienced consistent indecisiveness about the a or c response choice, or tried to avoid making the wrong impression by choosing the middle answer rather than one of the more definitive answers. This is a dummy description. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Cattell, R.B. The Acquiescence (ACQ) scale's purpose is to index the degree to which the examinee agreed with items regardless of what was being asked. 16PF Questionnaire - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Employees selection process is an important aspect of a company. - Life Coach, Family Office Business Advisor, Family Office Business Advisor, Life Coach & Psychotherapist, Retirement Coaching: Embrace Your Golden Years with Confidence, 10 Ways a Relationship Coach in India Can Transform Your Life, Relationship Coaching in India Frequently Asked Questions, Why Do You Need Relationship Coaching? Cattell, H. E. P. & Mead, A. D. (2008). Copyright 2000-2023 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., or related companies. "), they tend instead to ask about daily, concrete situations, e.g. We refer to them as Primary Scales and Global Scales, respectively. Today, the global traits of personality are commonly known as the Big Five. (1995, May). PPTX Scoring of 16PF PDF Pre-Employment Testing | Licensure & Certification | PSI Online Top mental health tools all in one place. Such a person also tends to be calm and fully in senses. The test has been internationally established as an objective personality assessment tool; and extensively used as such, all over the world. Hence they do good in their career and thus stay for long in the company. Schuerger, J. M. (2009). We will update you as soon as the item is back in our stock. However, other popular big five models consider Dominance as a facet of several Big-Five traits, including Extraversion, Dis-Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. New York: World Book. Limitless? For each profile below, several of the 16 primary scales combine to determine the Global Factor score.Sometimes a low score on a primary scale contributes to a high score on a Global Factor, and vice versa.Occasionally, a primary scale score does not fall in the direction expected, based upon the overall GlobalFactor score. Odbert hypothesized that: Those individual differences that are most salient and socially relevant in people's lives will eventually become encoded into their language; the more important such a difference, the more likely is it to become expressed as a single word.
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